健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

青少年时期是个体生理、心理等发生重大转化的重要阶段，青少年的心理健康问题越来越被家庭和社会所重视，其中，非自杀自伤是青少年中普遍存在的一种状况，对青少年的身心健康带来极大的危害，值得深入探索其内在的影响机制。家庭作为青少年成长的重要环境因素，对青少年的身心健康有着至关重要的影响。近年来，随着养育观念的变化，越来越多的父亲意识到参与到子女养育过程中的重要性，父母共同养育对青少年心理健康的影响受到国内外研究者的关注。现有研究中，大多通过单一的研究方法来考察青少年自伤的影响因素。因此，本研究采用质性和量化两种研究方法，全面深入地分析共同养育父亲表现对青少年自伤行为的影响以及二者之间可能的作用机制。

本研究包括两个部分：研究一中，采用质性研究的设计方法，运用目的性抽样法选取12位有自伤行为的青少年父母和12位无自伤行为的青少年的父母作为 访谈对象，对青少年自伤的影响因素进行了探索性分析。研究二中，采用量化研究的方法，通过方便取样的方式，向河南、天津和内蒙古等地的12-17岁的初高中学生和职业高中学生及其家长发放电子问卷，青少年和母亲配对数据548份。分别从青少年和母亲视角来分析共同养育父亲消极表现与青少年自伤的关系。在质性研究结果和相关理论的基础上，建构了共同养育父亲消极表现与青少年自伤的链式中介模型，差异检验采用中位数和四分位数间距进行描述，运用 SPSS 26.0 进行数据分析，AMOS 26.0对母亲消极教养和青少年羞耻感的链式中介进行检验。

研究一的结果是，通过对访谈材料的分析，总结出四个核心类属：青少年自伤的现状及影响因素、父亲在共同养育中的表现状况、共同养育父亲表现对母亲教养方式、青少年心理健康的影响和母亲对青少年自伤的影响。由此得出，共同养育中父亲的消极表现不仅引发青少年的自我概念和负面情绪，而且通过母亲的负面情绪和教养方式增加青少年的自伤风险。

研究二的结果如下：本研究中，存在自伤的行为的青少年占比为 27.6%。（1）差异检验显示：青少年性别、是否独生子女在青少年自伤的差异上有统计学意义。（2）相关分析显示：共同养育父亲消极表现的各维度、母亲消极教养的各维度、青少年羞耻感的各维度和青少年自伤两两之间均呈显著正相关。（3）中介效应分析显示：共同养育父亲消极表现通过青少年羞耻感的中介作用，以及母亲消极教养和青少年羞耻感的链式中介作用对青少年自伤产生作用。

研究结论：共同养育父亲消极表现导致母亲的消极教养方式，从而增加青少年的负面情绪和自伤风险；共同养育父亲消极表现通过青少年羞耻感的中介作用增加青少年的自伤风险；共同养育父亲消极表现通过母亲消极教养和青少年羞耻感的链式中介作用，从而增加青少年的自伤风险。

Adolescence is an important period when individuals undergo major physiological and psychological transformations. The mental health problems of adolescents have attracted more and more attention from families and society. Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents is a common issue. It harms teenagers' physical and mental health greatly, and it is worthy of in-depth exploration of its inner influence mechanism. Family environment is a very important factor that affects adolescent mental health. In recent years, with the changes in parenting concepts, more and more fathers are involved in the process of raising their children. The impact of paternal behavior of coparenting on adolescent mental health has gradually attracted the attention of domestic and foreign researchers. Most of the existing study explored the mechanism of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury with a single research method, this study uses qualitative and quantitative research to analyze the impact of paternal behavior of coparenting on adolescents' non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and the possible mechanisms between them.

This study consists of two parts: In Study One, qualitative research interviews were used, and purposive sampling was used to select 12 parents of adolescents who had experienced non-suicidal self-injurious self-injury and 12 parents whose teenagers that doesn’t have non-suicidal self-injurious self-injury as interview subjects. The impact of adolescent non-suicidal self-injurious was analyzed exploratorily. In Study Two, a quantitative research method was used to send out electronic questionnaires to junior high school students and vocational high school students aged 12-17 and their parents in Henan, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, and other places with a convenience sampling method. 548 family pairs of adolescents and mothers’ questionnaires were received. The data was analyzed on the current situation of paternal behavior of coparenting and the specific impact on mothers and adolescents from the perspectives of adolescents and mothers respectively. Based on the qualitative research results and related theories, a chain mediation model of negative paternal behavior of co-parenting on adolescent non-suicidal self-injury was constructed. The difference test was described using the median and interquartile range, and SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis, AMOS 26.0 tests the chain mediation of negative maternal parenting and adolescent shame.

The result of Study One is that through the analysis of interview materials, four core categories were summarized: The status of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and factors affecting adolescent non-suicidal self-injury; The status of paternal behavior of co-parenting, Impact of paternal behavior of co-parenting on adolescent mental health and their mother’s parenting; The impact of mother on adolescent non-suicidal selfinjury. It can be concluded that negative paternal behavior of co-parenting not only triggers adolescents' self-cognition and negative emotions，but also risk the risk of adolescent non-suicidal self-injurious behavior through negative maternal emotions and parenting styles. The results of Study Two are as follows: The proportion of nonsuicidal self-injury was 27.6% among teenagers in this study. (1) The difference test shows that the gender of adolescents and whether they are only one child in their family have statistically significant differences in self-injury among adolescents. (2) Correlation analysis shows that: the various dimensions of negative paternal behavior of co-parenting, the various dimensions of negative maternal parenting, the various dimensions of adolescent shame and adolescent self-injury are significant positive correlation to each other. (3) Mediation effect analysis shows that negative paternal behavior of co-parenting increases the risk of adolescent self-injury through the mediating effect of adolescent shame and the chain mediating effect of negative maternal parenting and adolescent shame.

Research conclusion: Negative paternal behavior of co-parenting increases adolescent emotions and adolescent non-suicidal self-injurious behavior through the impact on negative maternal parenting style; adolescent shame plays a mediating role between negative paternal behavior of co-parenting and adolescent non-suicidal selfinjury; Negative maternal parenting and adolescent shame plays a chain mediating role between negative paternal behavior of co-parenting and adolescent non-suicidal selfinjury.