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正念对睡眠质量的影响及干预研究:自控力的中介作用
其他题名The influence of mindfulness on sleep quality and its intervention: the mediating role of self-control
陈小娇
导师赵媚
2023-12
摘要

睡眠是人类最重要的生理活动之一,对人的身心健康起着重要的作用,有研究发现具有更多积极情绪、较强自控力的个体有更少的睡眠问题。在当前的时代背景下,有越来越多的人对宗教信仰、正念感兴趣。正念来源于佛教的禅修,且有研究发现,正念练习能提高个体的积极心理情绪和自控能力。然而,目前国内外少有研究佛教徒和无信仰人群的正念和自控力、睡眠的相关关系,对其的关系和机制尚不明确。研究其的关系对未来睡眠质量的调节和改善具有重要意义。本研究运用中介模型和一个正念干预实验,探索了(1)佛教徒与无信仰人群中正念水平对睡眠的影响:自控力的中介作用;(2)正念干预通过提高正念水平和自控力改善睡眠质量。希望通过新的视角,为正念干预改善睡眠提供新的理论支持。

在研究一中,采取方便抽样,选取 765 份成年人进行问卷调查,采用一般人口学资料、正念五因素量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表以及自我控制问卷进行施测,通过 SPSS26.0 统计软件对数据进行分析,建立中介模型。研究二在线上招募有佛教信仰但无禅修经验和正念经验的被试,选取匹兹堡睡眠质量量表得分>5 分的成年人被试 22 名进行为期 6 周每周 1 次的干预实验,以同样的标准招募 75 名被试,通过性别、受教育程度和 PSQI 量表得分进行匹配,选取 22 人进入对照组进行空白对照。测量两组被试在正念干预前后的正念水平、自控力水平和睡眠质量水平。所有数据经双人审核后应用 SPSS26.0 进行统计学分析,统计方法主要包括方差分析、配对样本 t 检验、非参数检验、相关分析及回归分析。

结果:(1)在两组被试中除独居因素单独影响无信仰组外,其他对睡眠质量有显著影响的因素在两组结果中均相同;(2)正念水平高组睡眠问题的检出率低于正念水平低组;在加入自控力做为中介变量后,直接效应消失,自控力在正念水平与睡眠质量中起完全中介作用。(3)正念干预六周后,干预组在正念水平及其观察、描述、不反应维度,自控力水平及其冲动控制、健康习惯维度的 得分均有显著提高;睡眠状况及其睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠问题和日间功能障碍维度的得分均有显著降低。正念水平前后测变化量与自控力水平前后测变化量、睡眠质量水平前后测变化量分别呈现显著正相关与负相关。

结论:(1)研究一发现了在两类人群中正念水平对于睡眠质量均存在正相关,且均通过自控力的中介效应来实现。(2)在控制宗教信仰和禅修练习、正念练习变量的情况下,验证了正念干预对正念水平、自控力和睡眠质量的积极影响,基本验证了研究一结果二中正念水平、自控力和睡眠质量的相互关系。为正念干预改善自控力和睡眠提供新的理论支持。

其他摘要

Sleep is one of the most important physiological activities of human beings, which plays an important role in people's physical and mental health. Studies have found that individuals with more positive emotions and stronger self-control have fewer sleep problems. In the current era, more and more people are interested in religious beliefs and mindfulness. Mindfulness comes from Buddhist meditation, and studies have found that mindfulness practice can improve individuals' positive mental emotions and self-control. However, at present, there are few studies at home and abroad on the correlation between mindfulness, self-control and sleep in Buddhists and non-believers, and the relationship and mechanism remain unclear. The study of its relationship is of great significance to the regulation and improvement of sleep quality in the future. This study used the mediation model and a mindfulness intervention experiment to explore (1) the effect of mindfulness level on sleep in Buddhists and non-believers: the mediating role of self-control; (2) Mindfulness intervention improves sleep quality by increasing levels of mindfulness and self-control. Through a new perspective, we hope to provide new theoretical support for mindfulness intervention to improve sleep.

Methods :In study 1, 765 adults were selected for questionnaire survey by convenience sampling. General demographic data, mindfulness five-factor scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale and self-control questionnaire were used to test. SPSS26.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data and establish a mediation model. In study 2, participants with Buddhist beliefs but no experience in meditation and mindfulness were recruited online, and 22 adults with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale score >5 were selected for an intervention experiment once a week for 6 weeks. 75 participants were recruited according to the same criteria and matched by gender, education level and PSQI scale score. 22 people were selected to enter the control group for blank control. The levels of mindfulness, self-control and sleep quality were measured before and after the intervention. SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis of all data after two-person review. Statistical methods mainly included analysis of variance, paired sample t test, non-parametric test, correlation analysis and regression analysis.

Results: (1) In the two groups, the factors that had significant influence on sleep quality were the same in both groups, except for the solitary factor that affected the non-belief group alone; (2) The detection rate of sleep problems in the group with When self-control was added as the mediating variable, the direct effect disappeared, and self-control played a complete mediating role in the level of mindfulness and sleep quality. (3) After six weeks of mindfulness intervention, the scores of mindfulness level, observation, description and non-response dimension, self-control level, impulse control and healthy habit dimension were significantly improved in the intervention group; Sleep status and scores of sleep quality, sleep time, sleep time, sleep problems and daytime dysfunction were significantly reduced. There was a significant positive and negative correlation between the change of mindfulness level and the change of self-control level and the change of sleep quality level, respectively.

Conclusions: (1) Study 1 found that the level of mindfulness has a positive effect on sleep quality in both groups of people, and both are realized through the mediating effect of self-control. (2) In the case of controlling the variables of religious belief, meditation practice and mindfulness practice, the positive effects of mindfulness intervention on the level of mindfulness, self-control and sleep quality were verified, basically verifying the relationship between the level of mindfulness, self-control and sleep quality in the second result of study 1. It provides a new theoretical support for the improvement of self-control and sleep by mindfulness intervention.

关键词佛教徒 正念水平 睡眠质量 自控力 正念干预
学位类型继续教育硕士
语种中文
学位名称理学硕士
学位专业应用心理学
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
学位授予地点中国科学院心理研究所
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48234
专题健康与遗传心理学研究室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
陈小娇. 正念对睡眠质量的影响及干预研究:自控力的中介作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学,2023.
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