社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

随着我国数字基础设施建设进一步加强，信息资源不断丰富，网络环境持续向好，促进数字信息通信业高品质发展。截至2023年6月，我国社交媒体（微信、QQ等）用户规模达10.47亿，占网民整体的97.1%。互联网的普及和渗透，使包括心理学者在内的研究者们日益关注社交媒体使用及其对个体心理和行为的影响。现有关于社交媒体使用对个体心理的影响研究，多是聚焦于“快乐论” 的主观幸福感、生活满意度、自尊等，而对于“实现论”的心理幸福感鲜少涉及。心理幸福感主张幸福是个体自我实现的过程，包括自主性、自我接纳、掌控环境、他人关系、生活目标以及个人成长六个方面。心理幸福感结构的形成和验证是基于坚实的理论基础，与主观幸福感采纳的幸福观念、运用的技术手段、关注的问题均不相同。研究心理幸福感有助于人们对幸福这一概念有更深入和全面的认识。本研究基于以上背景，探讨社交媒体使用对心理幸福感的影响，并进一步考察网 络社会支持在其中的中介作用和年龄的调节作用，以期为互联网社交媒体对个体心理幸福感的影响提供参考价值。

预备研究采用 1931 份自采数据（包含青年人 1035 人，中年人554人，老年人 342 人），验证“网络社会支持量表”在包含老中青三个年龄阶段的成年人中的适用性。研究表明：项目分析显示该量表均具有良好的区分度；探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明，该量表的四因子（包括信息支持、友伴支持、情感支持和工具性支持）结构效度良好；修订后的量表效标关联效度良好，具有较高的内部一致性和重测信度；群组验证性因素分析表明，该量表在老中青群体中具有跨性别和跨年龄段的测量等值性。该量表为进一步考察不同年龄段成年人的网络社会支持提供了一个标准化的测量工具。

正式研究同样用上述自采数据，考察了社交媒体使用与心理幸福感的关系，进一步探索了两者之间的关系机制，即网络社会支持的中介作用和年龄的调节作用。结果发现：（1）社交媒体使用和心理幸福感及其子维度之间存在不同程度 的显著正相关，即社交媒体的使用程度越高，心理幸福感越高。（2）网络社会 支持在社交媒体使用和心理幸福感的关系之间起中介作用，即较高的社交媒体使用会通过增加感知的网络支持而增强心理幸福感。（3）年龄在一定程度上调节了上述中介效应，即社交媒体使用对网络社会支持不同维度的增强作用在不同年龄组之间存在差异，具体为：相比青年人，中年人通过社交媒体使用获得的友伴 支持的增强效应更显著；相比青年人，老年人通过社交媒体使用获得的信息支持、情感支持的增强效应更显著；相对老年人，青年人通过社交媒体使用获得的工具性支持的增强效应更显著。

本研究总体上验证了社交媒体使用对心理幸福感的积极意义、中介机制和边界条件，拓展了社交媒体使用的研究群体，丰富了“实现论”心理幸福感的实证研究，提供了一套适用于不同年龄段成年人的网络社会支持标准化测量工具。相关发现为社会资本理论、使用-满足理论、社会-认知理论等提供了互联网使用背景下的实证支持，也为从互联网的开发者和管理者如何满足不同年龄社交媒体使用者的心理需求、进而促进其幸福感提供了实践指导。

With the further strengthening of China's digital infrastructure construction, the abundance of information resources, and the continuous improvement of the network environment, it has promoted the high-quality development of the digital information communication industry. As of June 2023, the user base of Social media platforms in China (such as WeChat and QQ) has reached 1.047 billion, accounting for 97.1% of the overall Internet users. The widespread penetration of the Internet has led researchers, including psychologists, to increasingly focus on the impact of Social media usage on individual psychology and behavior. Existing research on the impact of Social media usage on psychology has largely focused on the "hedonic" subjective well-being, life satisfaction, self-esteem, among other aspects, while paying limited attention to the "eudaimonic" psychological well-being. Psychological well-being advocates that happiness is a process of individual self-realization, including autonomy, self-acceptance, environment master, positive relation with others, purpose in life and personal growth.The formation and validation of psychological well-being structures are based on solid theoretical foundations, which differ from the happiness concepts adopted, technological means employed, and issues addressed in subjective well-being research. Studying psychological well-being contributes to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the concept of happiness. Building upon this background, This study examine the influence of Social media usage on psychological well-being.Further examining the mediating role of online social support and the moderating effect of age, aiming to provide valuable insights into the influence of Internet social media on individual psychological well-being.

Preliminary study utilized self-collected data from 1931 participants, including 1035 young adults, 554 middle-aged adults, and 342 older adults, to validate the applicability of the "Online Social Support Scale" among adult populations across different age groups. The results show that: item analysis shows that the scale has good differentiation; Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four factors of the scale (including information support, friend support, emotional support and instrumental support) had good structural validity. The revised scale exhibits good criterion-related validity, with high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The group confirmatory factor analysis validates the consistency of scale measurements among different genders and ages, ranging from the young to the elderly.This scale provides a standardized measurement tool for further investigation into online social support among adults of different age groups.

Formal study also used the above self-collected data to investigate the relationship between social media use and psychological well-being, and further explored the relationship mechanism between the two, that is, the mediating role of network social support and the moderating role of age. The results show that: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between social media use and psychological well-being and its sub-dimensions to varying degrees, that is, the higher the use of social media, the higher the psychological well-being. (2) Online social support plays a mediating role in the relationship between social media use and psychological well-being, that is, higher social media use will enhance psychological well-being by increasing perceived online support. (3) Age moderates the above mediating effect to a certain extent, that is, the enhancement effect of social media use on different dimensions of online social support is different among different age groups.Specifically, Compared to young adults, middle-aged adults showed a more significant enhancement effect of companion support obtained through social media use; Compared to young adults, older adults exhibited a more significant enhancement effect of information support and emotional support obtained through social media use; Relative to older adults, young adults demonstrated a more significant enhancement effect of instrumental support obtained through social media use.

This study overall validated the positive significance, mediating mechanisms, and boundary conditions of social media usage on psychological well-being. It expanded the research population of Social media usage and enriched the empirical research on "eudaimonic" psychological well-being. Additionally, it provided a standardized measurement tool for online social support applicable to adults of different age groups. Relevant findings provide empirical support for social capital theory, use-satisfaction theory and social-cognitive theory in the context of Internet use, and also provide practical guidance for Internet developers and managers to meet the psychological needs of social media users of different ages and promote their happiness.