社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

随着网络技术的飞速发展，手机作为互联网智能化服务的终端设备，己深度融入人们的日常生活。近年来问题性手机使用的社会现象日益凸显。人们已经意识到手机不当使用带来的相关影响，但学术界对于问题性手机使用尚未形成统一概念。国内外的研究者对问题性手机使用的产生机制、影响因素、形成路径等展开了多方面的研究，常见的是基于个体的生理、心理、人格、原生家庭等探索影响要素，较少关注外部环境对于问题性手机使用产生的影响。

当今中国社会处于快速发展阶段，全球化、城镇化的步伐加快了熟人社会向陌生人社会的转型，不同区域的发展速度也带来人与人之间关系流动的差异性。探究外部环境是否以及如何作用于问题性手机使用，具有广泛的实践意义。

本研究旨在探讨关系流动性与问题性手机使用的关系，基于社会生态学视角，从补偿性网络使用理论和情感事件理论出发，探究关系流动性作为一个外部事件，如何通过影响个体的情感反应，进而影响其手机使用行为，以及个体的核心自我评价如何调节这一过程。

本研究将通过两个研究对这一现象进行探究。研究一基于《中国综合社会 调查(CGSS)》，通过分析 2018 年（n = 12787）和 2021 年（n = 8148）这两年的调研情况，初步探究了人们的关系流动性对其手机使用情况的影响。根据关系流动性的定义，研究一以个体真实的社交活动作为代理指标，分析发现其和问题性手机使用行为存在负相关。然而，研究一并没有直接测量关系流动性，也并未探究其影响机制和边界条件。

鉴于此，研究二从情感事件理论出发，进一步揭示关系流动性影响个体的问题性手机使用行为的情感机制，并从个人的特质角度（核心自我评价）探究边界条件。研究二以大学生群体为调研对象（n = 476），采用关系流动性量表、核心自我评价量表、情感反应量表、手机低头行为量表及真实社交活动情况问卷向同一批被试分阶段开展两次间隔一周的数据收集。研究结果不仅重复了研究一的结论，还进一步发现关系流动性与个体的消极情感显著负相关、与问题性手机使用行为负相关，消极情感在关系流动性与问题性手机使用行为之间的 中介作用显著；此外，核心自我评价对这个过程起到调节作用，具体来说，对于核心自我评价较高的群体，关系流动性对于消极情感及其后续问题性手机使用行为的抑制作用会更强。然而，对于积极情感的影响路径而言，关系流动性虽然与个体的积极情感显著正相关，但与其后续的问题性手机使用行为没有相关关系，核心自我评价也并未对此起到调节效应。可见，关系流动性对于问题性手机使用行为的情感作用机制主要是消极情感而非积极情感。值得提出的是，参考研究一，研究二补充调研了被试的真实社交活动，得出了与关系流动性一致的结论。

总结来看，本文通过两个研究，从关系流动性这一理论构念的直接测量和真实社交活动这一代理指标这两个方面均一致得出：关系流动性与个体问题性手机使用行为负相关，消极情感（而非积极情感）是其中的情感作用机制，此外，核心自我评价对这一作用过程起到显著的调节作用，对于核心自我评价更高的个体而言，这一效应更强。

With the rapid development of network technology, mobile phones, as terminal devices for intelligent internet services, have deeply integrated into people's daily lives. In recent years, the issue of problematic mobile phone usage has become an increasingly prominent social phenomenon. People have realized the related impacts of improper use of mobile phones, but the academic community has not yet formed a unified concept of problematic mobile phone use. Researchers have carried out a variety of studies on the generation mechanism, influencing factors, formation path, etc. of problematic mobile phone use. The common research is to explore the influencing factors based on individual physiology, psychology, personality, native family, etc., and pay less attention to the impact of external environment on problematic mobile phone use.

Nowadays, Chinese society is in a stage of rapid development, and the pace of globalization and urbanization has accelerated the transformation from an acquaintance society to a stranger society. The speed of development in different regions has also brought about differences in the flow of interpersonal relational mobility. Investigating whether and how the external environment influences problematic mobile phone use has wide practical significance.

This study aims to explore the relationship between relational mobility and problematic mobile phone use. Based on a socio-ecological perspective and model of compensatory internet use and the Affective Events Theory, it investigates how relational mobility, as an external event, influences individuals' emotional reactions, which in turn affect their mobile phone usage behavior. The study also examines how individuals' core self-evaluation moderates this process.

This study will investigate this phenomenon through two studies. Study 1 is based on the "China General Social Survey (CGSS)". By analyzing the survey data from 2018 (n = 12,787) and 2021 (n = 8,148), it preliminarily explores the impact of people's relational mobility on their mobile phone usage. Based on the definition of relational mobility, Study 1 uses people's actual social activities as a proxy indicator and finds a negative correlation between relational mobility and problematic mobile phone use. However, Study 1 did not directly measure relational mobility and did not explore its mechanisms and boundary conditions.

Considering the analysis above, Study 2 is based on the Affective Events Theory, further revealing the emotional mechanisms that affect individuals' problematic mobile phone use due to relational mobility, and exploring the boundary conditions from the perspective of personal traits (core self-evaluation). Study 2 targeted a group of college students (n = 476), using relational mobility scale, core self-evaluations scale, positive affect and negative affect scale, generic scale of phubbing, and a questionnaire on social activities to collect data in two stages with a one-week interval. The results not only replicate the conclusions of Study 1 but also further discover that relational mobility is significantly negatively related to individuals' negative affects and problematic mobile phone use behavior. Negative affects play a significant mediating role in the relationship between relational mobility and problematic mobile phone use behavior. In addition, core self-evaluation moderates this process. Specifically, for individuals with higher core self-evaluation, the inhibitory effect of relational mobility on negative affects and subsequent problematic mobile phone use behavior is stronger. However, in terms of the influence pathway of positive affects, although relational mobility is significantly positively correlated with individual's positive emotions, it is not related to subsequent problematic mobile phone use behavior, and core self-evaluation does not have a moderating effect on this. It can be seen that the emotional mechanism of relational mobility on problematic mobile phone use among college students is mainly through negative affects rather than positive affects. It is worth mentioning that Study 2 also referred to Study 1 and investigated college students' real social activities, obtaining consistent results with relational mobility.

In summary, the results of these studies indicate that relational mobility can significantly reduce problematic mobile phone use. Negative affect (rather than positive affect) serve as the emotional mechanism. In addition, core self-evaluation plays a significant moderating role in this process. For individuals with higher core selfevaluation, this effect is stronger.