健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

使用音乐进行情绪调节是一种普遍的被大众接受的情绪调节策略。虽然大量研究发现音乐体验可有效改善负性情绪、增强正性情绪，但也有研究显示音乐体验可能恶化负性情绪。情绪失调理论认为，个体的情绪调节能力和情绪调节策略共同作用对情绪造成了影响。然而，尚未有研究探索音乐使用方式这种情绪调节策略与情绪调节能力，和情绪问题三个方面的关系。因此，本研究采用正则化偏相关和贝叶斯两种网络分析方法，分别探索了健康、非健康的音乐使用方式、与情绪调节能力，和情绪问题（焦虑、抑郁、述情障碍）之间的相关性和潜在因果关系。此外，采用回归分析，探索了音乐使用对情绪问题的具体影响，以及健康和非健康的音乐使用方式的个体经历和行为影响因素。

本研究包括全国范围内的 16588 名中国大学生。所有参与者均采用集群便利抽样方法在线进行评估，并应用了健康-非健康音乐使用方式量表（the HealthyUnhealthy Music Scale, HUMS）、情绪调节自我效能量表（the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy, RESE）、多伦多述情障碍量表（the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20）和简易心理状况评定量表（the 10-item Kessler Psychological Stress Scale, K10）评估了被试的健康和非健康的音乐使用方式、情绪调节自我效能、述情障碍、以及焦虑和抑郁水平。我们首先利用正则化偏相关网络（Regularized Partial Correlation Network, RPCN）和贝叶斯网络分别分析了这些指标之间的相关性网络特征和因果性网络特征。接着，对比男女在偏相关网络中存在的差异。然后，使用分层回归分析探索了在控制性别后，情绪调节自我效能和音乐使用方式对情绪问题的影响。最后，使用线性回归分析和方差分析探索了健康的和非健康的音乐使用方式的影响因素。

研究发现，1. 在正则化偏相关网络中，健康的音乐使用方式与情绪调节自我效能正相关，与外向性思考、抑郁呈负相关，非健康的音乐使用方式与表达正性情绪的自我效能负相关，但与述情障碍、焦虑和抑郁呈正相关。2. 在贝叶斯网络中，健康和非健康的音乐使用方式位于网络下游，健康的音乐使方式受到调节愤怒情绪和表达正性情绪自我效能的正向影响。而非健康的音乐使用方式受到焦虑、抑郁和述情障碍的正向影响。3. 男女音乐使用偏相关网络特征存在显著差异，在健康的音乐使用方式偏相关网男生的情感辨别困难对网络的影响更快，而女生的外向性思考对网络的影响更迅速。在非健康的音乐使用方式偏相关网络 中，男生的情感辨别困难表现对网络的影响更迅速，而女生的非健康音乐使用方式和外向性思考对网络的影响更快。4. 回归分析显示，在控制性别后，健康的音乐使用方式对外向性思考有显著负向影响，非健康的音乐使用方式对情绪问题有显著正向影响。5.系统学过音乐或频繁聆听音乐的个体，相较于其他群体，更倾向于健康、非健康的音乐使用方式，而日常选择与音乐有关的活动调节负面情绪的人,健康的音乐使用方式更高，非健康的音乐使用方式更少。

总体而言，本研究发现健康的音乐使用方式受情绪调节自我效能的正向影响，能直接或间接地缓解情绪问题，而非健康的音乐使用方式受到情绪问题的正向影响，可能降低表达正性情绪的自我效能，进一步加重情绪问题。此外，有系统音乐学习经历，以及增加音乐聆听频率可以提高个体的音乐使用，那些使用音乐进行情绪调节的人，会更倾向于健康的音乐使用方式。本研究为理解音乐使用方式，情绪调节自我效能和情绪问题之间的关系提供了新的视角，强调了音乐教育和日常音乐活动在促进情绪健康方面的潜在价值。这些发现对于基于音乐的干预和治疗策略的制定具有重要意义，可能对情绪调节和改善心理健康有重要价值。

Utilizing music for emotion regulation represents a widely embraced and commonly implemented strategy within the general populace. While numerous studies have underscored the capacity of music experiences to effectively alleviate negative emotional states and bolster positive affect, there is also evidence indicating that music experiences may potentially exacerbate negative affect. Grounded in emotion dysregulation theory, it is posited that the interplay between the selection of emotion regulation strategies and one's proficiency in regulating emotions contributes to emotional outcomes. Yet, a notable gap exists in the literature pertaining to investigations into the interrelationships among music use as an emotion regulation strategy, emotion regulation capabilities, and emotional problems (e.g., anxiety, depression, and alexithymia). Consequently, this study endeavored to employ two analytical methodologies—the Regularized Partial Correlation Network (RPCN) and Bayesian network analysis—to scrutinize the correlations and plausible causal associations among healthy and unhealthy music use, emotion regulation capacities, and emotional problems. Additionally, regression analysis was deployed to elucidate the specific impacts of music use on emotional problems, alongside the psychological and behavioral determinants associated with both healthy and unhealthy music use.

This study encompassed a cohort of 16,588 Chinese university students nationwide. Employing a cluster convenience sampling approach, all participants were evaluated online, utilizing instruments such as the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale (HUMS), Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale (RESE), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the 10-item Kessler Psychological Stress Scale (K10), to gauge participants' healthy and unhealthy music use, emotion regulation self-efficacy, alexithymia, as well as levels of anxiety and depression. Initially, both the Regularized Partial Correlation Network (RPCN) and Bayesian network analyses were conducted to delineate the correlation network features and causal network features among these constructs. Subsequently, gender disparities within the RPCN were scrutinized. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis was employed to probe the impacts of emotion regulation self-efficacy and music use on emotional difficulties, post controlling for gender. Finally, linear regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were leveraged to investigate the determinants of healthy and unhealthy music engagement.

The findings unveiled that: 1. within the RPCNs, healthy music use positive correlated with emotion regulation self-efficacy, negative correlated with externally oriented thinking (EOT) and depression. Conversely, unhealthy music use was negatively correlated with self-efficacy in expressing positive affect (POS), but positively correlated with alexithymia, anxiety, and depression. 2. Within the Bayesian network, healthy music use and unhealthy music use were situated downstream and primarily, healthy music use was influenced by self-efficacy in regulating anger (ANG) and POS, on the contrary unhealthy music use was influenced by anxiety, depression, and alexithymia. 3. Remarkably, significant gender disparities were discerned in the correlation network features of music use. In the RPCN of healthy music use, DIF of male exert a more immediate influence on the network, whereas EOT of female may exert a more rapid influence. Similarly, In the RPCN of healthy music use, DIF of male demonstrate a more immediate influence on the network, and EOT of female may exert a more rapid influence. 4. Regression analysis results indicated that, post controlling for gender, healthy music use significantly negatively influenced EOT, while unhealthy music use significantly positively influenced emotional problems. 5. Additionally, the study divulged that individuals with music system professional education backgrounds and higher daily music listening frequencies exhibited higher levels of both healthy and unhealthy music use, whereas individuals who engaged in activities related to music to regulate negative emotions exhibited higher levels of healthy music use and lower levels of unhealthy music use.

In conclusion, our study reveals that healthy music use is positively influenced by emotion regulation self-efficacy, which can directly or indirectly alleviate emotional problems. Conversely, unhealthy music use is positively influenced by emotional problems, potentially diminishing self-efficacy in expressing positive emotions and exacerbating emotional problems. Additionally, experiences in music learning and frequent music listening can enhance individuals' music use, with individuals opting for music as a means of emotional regulation showing a greater propensity towards healthy music use. This study offers a novel perspective on the relationships among music use, emotion regulation self-efficacy, and emotional problems, emphasizing the potential value of music education and daily everyday music activities in promoting emotional well-being. These findings hold significant implications for the development of musicbased interventions and therapeutic strategies, which may contribute substantially to emotion regulation and the enhancement of psychological well-being.