健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

父母在照顾子女过程中常常面临着疲劳、压力和心理负担，这不仅影响着他们个体的健康和幸福感，还可能影响到家庭关系和子女的成长发展。因此，深入探讨养育倦怠的成因和影响，以及可能的应对策略，对提升家庭幸福感、改善子女成长环境具有重要意义。在众多的原因中，协同教养是一个不容忽视的重要影响因素。本研究一方面计划从变量中心的角度出发，从整体的视角探讨协同教养与养育倦怠、青少年问题行为的关系；另一方面，从个体为中心的角度，以协同教养潜在剖面分析的结果为基础，对协同教养与养育倦怠、青少年问题行为进行多角度的分析和探讨。

本研究主要包括以下两个研究：

研究一：采用方便抽样法对 1638 名青少年的父母进行了研究，研究工具包括养育倦怠问卷、协同教养量表、青少年困难行为问卷(家长版)及家庭功能量表等。采用独立样本 t 检验和 F 检验分析比较养育倦怠是否存在一定的人口学变量差异。采用 SPSS27.0 进行描述性统计、信效度检验、相关分析和共同方法偏差检验;采用 SPSS 宏程序 Process4.0 插件进行有调节的中介模型检验。研究发现：1）青少年外化行为问题在协同教养与养育倦怠之间起着中介作用，青少年内化行为问题在协同教养与养育倦怠之间没有中介作用；2）协同教养通过青少年外化行为问题对养育倦怠的间接效应受到家庭功能的调节；3）而青少年外化行为问题对养育倦怠的关系受到家庭功能的调节；4）协同教养对养育倦怠的直接影响也受到家庭功能的调节。

研究二：在研究一的基础上，从个体为中心的研究视角出发，采用潜在剖面分析的方法进一步探讨协同教养的异质性亚型及其对父母养育倦怠、青少年问题行为的影响。研究发现：1）中国协同教养可以分为三种亚类，根据三种亚类的特征差异，分别将它们命名为协同教养良好组、协同教养较差组和冲突贬低严重组； 2）本研究进一步从个体中心的角度验证了研究一，协同教养较差组和冲突贬低严重组均与协同教养良好组在养育倦怠之间差异显著，且协同教养较差组和冲突贬低严重组均与协同教养良好组在青少年内外化行为问题之间 差异显著；3）协同教养较差组与冲突贬低严重组在养育倦怠上不存在显著差异，但在青少年内外化行为问题上差异显著；4）协同教养具有异质组，针对不同的类型需要采用不同的干预措施。

综上，本研究得出结论如下：

1）当青少年外化行为作为中介变量时，有调节的中介模型成立；当青少年内化行为作为中介变量时，有调节的中介模型不成立。这些发现对旨在改善家庭养育问题和促进青少年发展具有启示意义。

2）协同教养存在明显的群体异质性，可以分为三个亚类，分别为协同教养良好组、协同教养较差组和冲突贬低严重组，且这三个亚类分别与养育倦怠和青少年内外化行为问题显著相关，针对不同特征的亚类在采取干预措施时应采用不同的方法。

Parents often face fatigue, stress and psychological burdens in caring for their children, which not only affects their individual health and well-being, but may also affect family relationships and the growth and development of their children. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the causes and effects of parenting burnout and the possible coping strategies for improving family happiness and children's growth environment. Among the many reasons, cooperative education is an important influencing factor that cannot be ignored. On the one hand, this study plans to explore the relationship between cooperative parenting, parenting burnout and adolescent problem behavior from the perspective of variable center. On the other hand, from the individual-centered perspective, based on the results of the potential profile analysis of cooperative parenting, cooperative parenting and parenting burnout, adolescent problem behavior are analyzed and discussed from multiple perspectives.

This study mainly includes the following two studies:

Study 1: Parents of 1638 adolescents were studied by convenience sampling method, including parenting burnout questionnaire, Collaborative Parenting Scale , Adolescent Difficult Behavior Questionnaire (Parent version) and Family Functioning Scale. The independent sample t test and ANOVA test were used to analyze and compare whether there were certain differences in demographic variables of parenting burnout. SPSS27.0 was used for descriptive statistics, reliability and validity test, correlation analysis and common method deviation test. The moderated mediation model was tested by using the SPSS macro program Process4.0 plug-in. The results show that: 1) Adolescent externalizing behavior plays a mediating role between parental cooperative parenting and Parental Burnout， while adolescent internalizing behavior has no mediating role between parental cooperative parenting and Parental Burnout；2) The indirect effect of cooperative parenting on Parental Burnout through adolescent externalizing behavior is regulated by family function；3) The relationship between adolescent externalizing behavior and Parental Burnout is regulated by family function；4) The direct effect of cooperative parenting on Parental Burnout is also regulated by family function.

Study 2: On the basis of study 1, from the individual-centered perspective, potential profile analysis was used to further explore the heterogeneous subtypes of cooperative parenting and their effects on parenting burnout and adolescent problem behavior. The results show that: 1) Chinese parents' cooperative parenting can be divided into three subcategories， which are named as good cooperative parenting group， poor cooperative parenting group and serious conflict demeaning group according to their characteristics. 2) This study further verified study 1 from the individual-centered perspective that both the poor cooperative parenting group and the severe conflict devaluing group were significantly different from the good cooperative parenting group in terms of Parental Burnout, and both the poor cooperative parenting group and the severe conflict devaluing group were significantly different from the good cooperative parenting group in terms of adolescent externalization problems; 3) There is no significant difference in Parental Burnout between the poor cooperative parenting group and the severe conflict devaluing group, but there is a significant difference in adolescent internalization; 4) Co-Parenting has heterogeneous groups, and different interventions are required for different types.

In summary, this study draws the following conclusions:

1) When adolescent externalizing behavior is used as the mediating variable, the moderated mediating model is valid; When adolescents' internalized behavior is used as a mediating variable, the moderated mediating model is not valid. These findings have implications for improving family parenting and promoting adolescent development；

2) There is obvious group heterogeneity in cooperative parenting，which can be divided into three subcategories，namely，good cooperative parenting group，poor cooperative parenting group and severe conflict devaluing group，and these three subcategories are significantly correlated with Parental Burnout and adolescent externalization behavior，respectively. Different methods should be adopted when taking intervention measures for subcategories with different characteristics.