健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

据世界卫生组织 WHO 的估计，全球约有5%的成年人患有抑郁症问题。近些年，随着我国的经济转型，就业压力升高，职场竞争激烈，在职人群的心理健康程度越发堪忧，因此调查当前在职人群的情绪状况，开发可得性高效果良好的改善情绪的技术手段具有重要的现实意义。

既往研究发现，当个体面对压力时，个体的执行功能和情绪调节能力与抑郁的发生有着重要的关系。因此我们想进一步验证执行功能和情绪调节能力是否在应激源和抑郁中发挥中介作用，进而通过干预这个中介变量，改善个体的抑郁情绪。基于此，本论文包括二项研究：

在研究一中，我们针对 18-50 岁成年在职人群，考察执行功能和情绪调节能力在日常生活压力与抑郁中发挥的作用。在全国范围收集了808份问卷，结果显示，个体的抑郁程度与其经历的生活事件数量，以及执行功能程度呈显著的正向相关，与情绪调节能力呈显著的负相关。中介分析发现，执行功能在生活事件和抑郁发生之间起到了显著的中介作用。而在执行功能作用抑郁的过程中，认知重评策略具有显著的正向调节效应。

基于研究一的结果，研究二以中介变量执行功能为干预靶点，采用自行开发的手机端的双维工作记忆训练，以期通过提升执行功能进而改善抑郁情绪。并且对比传统的工作记忆训练和加入情绪材料的情绪工作记忆训练，考察情绪调节和执行功能在两种训练中可能发挥的作用。我们招募了61名轻度及以上抑郁的职 场人士，随机分为三组：工作记忆训练组、情绪工作记忆训练组和空白对照组， 进行为期一个月的在线训练。结果发现，两组训练组相对空白对照组，训练后抑郁症状都有明显改善。在情绪工作记忆训练组中，训练组的贝克抑郁量表(Beck depression inventory, BDI)得分从20.36降至15.77。而在中性工作记忆训练组，BDI 得分则从18.42降至14.74。同时，在两个训练组中，认知重评能力也都都有显著提升。在情绪工作记忆训练组中，情绪调节问卷(Emotion regulation questionnaire, ERQ)得分从 25.95 提升至34.91。而在中性工作记忆训练组，ERQ 得分则从27.37提升至32.32。情绪工作记忆训练组中，执行功能的提升与抑郁情绪的改善、情绪调节能力提升显著相关。中性工作记忆训练组中，执行功能的提升与情绪调节能力的提升没有显著关系。而两个训练组中，情绪调节能力的提升和抑郁的改善关系也均不显著。因此，我们推论工作记忆训练（无论是否加入情绪材料）改善情绪的潜在机制通过提升执行功能实现的，而非通过提升情绪调节能力。再者，情绪工作记忆训练虽然可以进一步提升情绪调节能力，但改善抑 郁情绪的效果与传统工作记忆相似。

通过研究,我们得出结论：第一，抑郁状况的严重程度与个体经历的生活事件多少，以及执行功能程度呈现出显著相关性，其中执行功能在生活事件和抑郁之间起到了中介作用。而在执行功能作用抑郁的过程中，认知重评策略起到了显著的调节作用；第二，情绪工作记忆训练和中性工作记忆训练均可以有效降低抑郁情绪，情绪工作记忆训练还可以提升个体的情绪调节能力。第三，工作记忆训练改善抑郁情绪的潜在机制主要是通过提升执行功能的方式来实现。

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According to the World Health Organization WHO estimates, about 5% of adults worldwide suffer from depression. In recent years, with the economic transformation of China, the employment pressure is increasing, the workplace competition is fierce, and the mental health of the working people is more and more worrying. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the emotional status of the current employees and develop the technical means to improve the mood with high availability and good effect.

Previous studies have found that individual executive functions and emotional regulation abilities are significantly related to the occurrence of depression when faced with stress. Therefore, we wanted to further verify whether executive function and emotional regulation ability play a mediation role in stressors and depression, and then, improve individual depressive mood by intervening with this mediation variable. Based on this, the present paper includes 2 studies:

In Study 1, we examined the role of executive function and emotional regulation in stress and depression in daily life in adults aged 18-50 with severe emotional distress. A nationwide collection of 808 questionnaires showed that the degree of depression was significantly correlated with the number of life events experienced and executive function, and showed a significant negative correlation with emotion regulation ability. Mediation analysis found that executive function played a significant mediator between life events and depressive onset. However, in the depression of executive function, the cognitive reevaluation strategy has a significant positive regulation effect.

Based on the results of study 1, study 2 targeted the intermediary variable executive function as the intervention, and adopted the self-developed dual-dimensional working memory training on mobile phones, in order to improve depression by improving executive function. Compared with the traditional working memory training and the emotional working memory training with emotional materials, the possible role of emotional regulation and executive function in the two training was investigated. We recruited 61 professionals with mild or more depression, randomly divided into three groups: working memory training group, emotional working memory training group, and blank control group, for one month of online training. The results showed that in the two training groups, the depressive symptoms were significantly improved after training. In emotional working memory training group, Beck depression inventory(BDI) score in the training group decreased from 20.36 to 15.77. In the neutral working memory training group, the BDI score decreased from 18.42 to 14.74. At the same time, the cognitive reappraisal ability was also improved significantly in both training groups. In the emotional working memory training group, Emotion regulation questionnaire(ERQ) score increased from 25.95 to 34.91. In the neutral working memory training group, the ERQ score increased from 27.37 to 32.32. In the emotional working memory training group, the improvement of executive function was significantly associated with the improvement of depressed mood and the improvement of emotional regulation ability. In the neutral working memory training group, there was no significant relationship between the improvement in executive function and the improvement in emotional regulation ability. However, the improvement in emotional regulation and depression were not significant in the two training groups. Therefore, we reasoned that the underlying mechanism of working memory training (with or without emotional material) is achieved by enhancing executive function, rather than by enhancing emotional regulation. Moreover, although emotional working memory training can further improve emotional regulation ability, the effect of improving depressed mood is similar to that of traditional working memory.

Through the studies, we concluded that: firstly, the severity of depression is related to the number of life events and the degree of executive function, and executive function plays a mediating role between life events and depression. In the process of executive function depression, cognitive reevaluation strategy plays a significant regulatory role. Moreover, emotional working memory training and neutral working memory training can effectively reduce depression, and emotional working memory training can also improve individual emotional regulation ability. Thirdly, the underlying mechanism of working memory training improves depressed mood is mainly by improving executive function.