健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

已有大量研究发现，解释偏向矫正训练作为有潜力的认知干预手段，通过引导个体在模糊情境中采取积极的解释方式，可以改善焦虑抑郁人群的解释倾向，并减轻其焦虑抑郁情绪。但既往研究中，对于解释偏向的靶认知并没有清楚的界定，同时也没有关于养育问题的干预研究。解释偏向矫正的实验范式，源自于认知行为的干预，能否将认知疗法中理性情绪行为疗法中非理性信念作为靶认知，进行解释偏向矫正有待考察；同时，在此基础上，针对当前社会普遍存在的养育压力和养育倦怠问题提供可行的干预方案具有重要的现实意义。

基于此，本文开展了以下两个研究。

研究一网络上收集了城市与农村的 506 份中小学生母亲的有效问卷，探讨了养育中的非理性信念在养育压力以及养育倦怠变量中发挥的作用。结果发现，养育非理性信念、养育压力与养育倦怠彼此之间两两相关。其中养育非理性信念在养育压力和养育倦怠中发挥中介作用。

研究二编制了靶向非理性信念的解释偏向矫正训练程序，通过微信端的小程序，有效招募中小学生母亲70 人，进行了为期 21 天的解释偏向范式的养育非理性信念矫正实验。研究采用随机分组前后测设计，被试分为积极解释训练组，保持中性解释偏向的假实验对照组，和不做训练的无实验对照组。结果发现，经过训练，积极训练组的积极解释显著提升，同时母亲的养育压力和养育倦怠显著下降，但另外两个组没有发现此变化。总的来说，该研究证明了非理性信念是解释偏向矫正训练的有效干预靶向，能有效改善养育问题中的养育压力与养育倦怠问题，为进一步扩充解释偏向训练范式和提高解释偏向的干预精度提供了很好的借 鉴。

Extensive research has identified Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) as a promising cognitive intervention method. By guiding people to form positive interpretations, CBM-I can enhance interpretative tendencies in anxiety and depression populations, and alleviate their symptoms. However, past studies have not clearly defined the target cognitive bias for modification, nor have they investigated interventions related to parenting issues. The experimental paradigm for correcting interpretive bias, derived from cognitive-behavioral interventions, warrants exploration into whether irrational beliefs from Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) can serve as the target cognition for modification. Additionally, providing viable intervention strategies for the prevalent societal issues of parenting stress and burnout has significant practical importance.

This paper conducted the following two studies:

Study 1 collected 506 valid questionnaires from mothers of primary and secondary school students across urban and rural areas. It explored the role of irrational parenting beliefs in the context of parenting stress, and parental burnout. The findings revealed that significant interrelations between irrational parenting beliefs, parenting stress, and parental burnout. Irrational parenting beliefs mediated the relationship from parenting stress to parental burnout.

Study 2 developed a Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) program targeting irrational beliefs, recruiting 70 mothers of primary and secondary school students via a WeChat mini-program for a 21-day experiment. Employing a randomized pretest-posttest design, participants were divided into a positive interpretation training group, a neutral interpretation control group, and a no-training control group. Results indicated that the positive interpretation training group showed significant improvements in positive interpretation, and significant reductions in parenting stress and burnout, changes not observed in the other two groups.

This research demonstrates that irrational beliefs are effective targets for CBM-I, capable of significantly improving issues of parenting stress and burnout. This offers valuable insights for expanding the CBM-I paradigm and enhancing the precision of interpretive bias interventions.