健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

同声传译简称同传(simultaneous interpretation)，是指口译员在不打断发言人的情况下，不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众，是国际会议中普遍使用的一种高效口译方式。发言人讲话即源语语速过载对口译员造成信息过载，给口译员的大脑认知和信息处理能力带来挑战，导致译文频繁出现漏译、误译、不连贯等问题，影响国际会议沟通交流效果。从心理健康角度而言，源语输入语速过载对同传口译员造成的压力体现在认知压力、时间压力和社会心理压力三个方面。

本研究从同传口译员角度探讨源语输入语速过载对口译员情绪及主动控制感产生的影响，籍此引起各相关方关注口译员心理健康并控制源语输入语速。首先设计问卷调查，以选择题和开放问答方式，面向 100 位同传市场上活跃的资深口译员调查他们普遍认为正常和过载的源语语速，以及语速变化带给他们的情绪情感体验。其次，研究者基于问卷调查的语速标准，设计了正常和过载语速英文 源语以及正常和过载语速中文源语共四个情境的同传实验,语料选材为互联网上 可公开查询的无口音、内容通用、无专业词汇、无需专业知识储备、结构有逻辑，讲话方式对口译员友好的演讲，尽量消除非语速因素对口译员被试的影响。中文 语料语速约 136 字/分，2 倍速处理后约 272 字/分作为过载语速中文语料。英文语料语速约 120 词/分，1.5 倍速处理后约 180 词/分作过载语速英文语料。邀请 24 名口译员被试参与单因素实验研究，对被试随机编号并随机分至英译中及中译英两个同传任务组。每名被试需要为同语料的正常和过载语速同传，以便后续比较。被试同传后根据自己感觉接受 PAD 情感量表测量和主动控制感量表(SoAS) 测量。

研究结果表明，语速条件对口译员情绪有显著影响，具体表现为口译员在“正 常语速”条件下比在“过载语速”条件下更加“轻松/乐观”；在“过载语速” 条件下比在“正常语速” 条件下更加“焦虑恐惧”。同时，被试口译员为过载语速同传情境下的主动控制感明显低于为正常语速同传。被试因发言语速变化而引起的主动控制感变化不受发言语种影响，换言之，中译英同传和英译中同传都会因源语语速过载而削弱口译员的主动控制感。进一步的分析表明，语速过载下的主动控制感和情绪相互影响。在语速过载条件下，主动控制感与口译员的轻松 乐观情绪存在负相关，即语速过载时，主动控制感越强，轻松乐观情绪波动幅度越小。语速过载下的轻松乐观倾向值与主动控制感波动正相关，倾向值越小，越接近轻松乐观，主动控制感波动越小。

Simultaneous Interpretation (SI), which means that the interpreter continuously interprets the speaker's speech to the audience without interrupting the speaker, is an efficient way of interpretation commonly used in international conferences. A fast speech rate from the speaker or an overload rate of the source language can overwhelm simultaneous interpreters, challenging their cognitive abilities and information processing. This leads to frequent omissions, translation errors, and incoherence, hindering smooth communication during international conferences. From a mental health perspective, the strain on SI interpreters due to the overload rate of the source language is evident in three key aspects, cognitive stress, time stress and psychosocial stress.

For the sake of SI interpreters, this study delves into the impact of rate overload on interpreters' emotions and sense of agency (SoA). The aim is to draw attention from all stakeholders towards the mental well-being of interpreters, advocating for actions to regulate the source language rate. Initially, questionnaires comprising multiple-choice and open-ended questions were drafted and distributed among 100 experienced interpreters actively engaged in the SI market. Their responses shed light on what interpreters perceive as normal versus overload rates, alongside their emotional responses to overload rates. Using the data gathered from the questionnaire responses as a benchmark, the researcher designed SI experiments encompassing four scenarios: normal rate English and Chinese speeches, as well as overload rate English and Chinese speeches. The selected speeches sourced from the Internet were devoid of accents or specialized vocabulary, maintaining general content with logical structure and amicable delivery. The Chinese corpus had a speech rate of 136 words per minute, reaching 272 words per minute after double-speed processing—a representation of overload rate speech in Chinese. Meanwhile, the English corpus operated at approximately 120 words per minute, accelerating to 180 words per minute post 1.5 times speed processing, indicating overload rate English speech. Twenty-four interpreter volunteers partook in the experiment, with each volunteer given Chinese to English or English to Chinese SI assignments randomly. However, they were required to perform SI for both normal and overload rate speeches in the same language for subsequent comparison. Following the SI test, volunteers underwent assessments using the PAD Emotional Scale and Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS).

The results from the study indicate that the rate condition has a significant effect on the interpreter's emotion. The interpreters are more "relaxed/optimistic" under "normal rate" than under "overload rate". They are more "anxious/fearful" under "overload rate" than under "normal rate". At the same time, the interpreter subjects experienced significantly lower SoA in scenario of interpreting the overload rate speech than interpreting the normal rate speech. This shift in the interpreters' SoA remains consistent across both Chinese and English source language; in other words, whether it be SI from Chinese to English or English to Chinese, the overload rate of the source language weakens the interpreters’ SoA. It’s also found that interpreters who are relatively relaxed and optimistic under the speech rate overload have a relatively strong SoA.

Further analysis shows that emotion and SoA interplay in overload rate scenario. When the rate of source language is overload, there is a negative correlation between SoA and relaxed optimism, that is, the stronger SoA, the smaller fluctuation of relaxed optimism. The value of the relaxed optimism tendency in overload rate scenario is positively related to the fluctuation of SoA. The smaller the value of tendency, the closer it is to the emotion type of relaxed optimism, leading to a smaller fluctuation of SoA.