社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

对内外化问题行为的预防与干预一直受到研究者重点关注。大学生面临内部身心世界与外部世界的变化，容易引发一系列的内外化问题行为，生命意义感作为一种保护资源，可在压力情境下减少内外化问题行为的发生。同时，社会联结与心理韧性受到生命意义感影响，可能对内外化问题行为产生负向作用。

因此，本研究通过两个研究展开，研究一探讨生命意义感的意义体验维度与内外化问题行为关系中可能存在的作用机制，明确大学生生命意义体验、社会联结、心理韧性与内外化问题的现状并探讨四者的关系。研究二采用意义摄影书写法作为干预手段，对大学生进行为期 21 天的实验干预，探究意义摄影法是否能够有效的提升生命意义体验，继而减少内外化问题行为。

研究一采用生命意义感量表、抑郁—焦虑—压力量表、攻击性量表、社会联结量表和心理韧性量表，对贵州省某大专院校的 2022 级 510 名新生进行问卷 调查，回收有效问卷 472 份。数据分析显示：1）大学生生命意义体验、社会联结、心理韧性与内外化行为问题四者之间均显著相关。具体来说，生命意义体验正向预测社会联结与心理韧性，负向预测内外化问题行为，即生命意义体验水平越高，内化问题行为与外化问题行为越少；社会联结与心理韧性二者正相关，负向预测内外化问题行为，即社会联结、心理韧性的水平越高，内外化问 题行为越少。2）在生命意义体验与内外化问题行为的关系机制中，社会联结和心理韧性为链式中介。具体来说，在生命意义体验与内化问题行为的关系中，社会联结和心理韧性起部分中介作用，即生命意义感既可以单独负向影响内化问题行为，又可以通过社会联结和心理韧性负向影响内化问题行为；在生命意义体验与外化问题行为的关系中，社会联结和心理韧性起完全中介作用，即生命意义体验只有通过社会联结和心理韧性对外化问题行为产生影响。

研究二对湖南省常德市某大专院校发布消息招募被试80名，并等额随机的分配到实验组和对照组，实验组和对照组全程参与的人数分别为39 人和31人。对两组被试采用意义摄影书写法进行为期 21 天的干预实验，旨在探讨意义摄影书写法对生命意义体验是否有提升，继而减少内外化问题行为。在干预结束一个月后，对两组被试进行追踪测，以探究干预是否能够有持续影响。结果表明： 1）相比于前测，实验干预明显提高了生命意义体验以，有效减少了内化问题行为与外化问题行为。而对照组没有明显变化。2）干预结束一个月后，对实验组和对照组被试进行追踪测，结果表明实验干预仅对实验组的内化问题行为有持续的干预效果，而生命意义体验、外化问题行为的干预效果会随着时间降低。

两个研究表明，大学生生命意义体验的提升能够减少内外化问题行为的发生。本研究探究了大学生生命意义体验、社会联结、心理韧性、内外化问题行为之间的关系，拓展了相关研究领域成果。同时，探讨了以意义摄影法提高生命意义体验的可行性和有效性，减少了内外化问题行为的发生，为在大学生群体中开展生命意义感的干预提供了依据。

The prevention and intervention of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors have been paid close attention by researchers all the time. College students are faced with the changes of internal world and external world, which will easily lead to a series of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. As a kind of protection resource, the sense of meaning in life can reduce problem behaviors under the pressure situation. At the same time, social connectedness and resilience affected by the sense of meaning in life may have a negative effect on internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors.

Therefore, this study is carried out through two studies: one is to explore the possible mechanism in the relationship between the presence of Meaning in Life and the internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, to clarify the current situation of college students' presence of meaning in life, social connectedness, resilience and internalization and externalization, and to explore the relationship between the four. In the second study, a 21-day experiment was conducted on college students with meaningful photography-based method as an intervention method to explore whether meaningful photography can effectively enhance the presence of meaning in life and then reduce the internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors.

A total of 510 freshmen of Grade 2022 in a college in Guizhou Province were investigated by using Meaning in life questionnaire, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, Aggression Questionnaire, Social Connectedness Scale and Resilience Scale , and 472 valid questionnaires were collected. In this study, t-test is used to show whether there are obvious demographic differences. Once again, Pearson product-difference correlation is used to explain the correlation between variables; Finally, hierarchy regression analysis and Bootstrap method are used to explain whether the mediating effect is true or not. The results showed that: 1) There were significant correlations between college students' presence of meaning in life, social connectedness, resilience, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Specifically, the presence of meaning in life positively predicts social connectedness and resilience, negatively predicts internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, that is, the higher the level of presence of meaning in life, the less internalizing problem behaviors and externalizing problem behaviors; The positive correlation between social connectednesss and resilience negatively predicts the internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, that is, the higher the level of resilience of social connectedness, the less the internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors 2) Social connectedness and resilience are the chain mediators in the relationship mechanism between presence of meaning in life and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Specifically, in the relationship between presence of meaning in life and internalizing problem behavior, social connectedness and resilience play a partial intermediary role, that is, presence of meaning in life can not only negatively affect internalizing problem behavior alone, but also negatively affect internalizing problem behavior through social connectedness and resilience; In the relationship between the presence of meaning in life and the externalizing problem behavior, social connectedness and resilience play a completely mediating role, that is, the presence of meaning in life only influences the externalizing problem behavior through social connectedness and resilience.

In the second study, 80 subjects were recruited by a college in Changde City, Hunan Province, and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The number of participants in the whole process was 39 and 31 in the experimental group and the control group. The purpose of the 21-day intervention experiment was to explore whether the meaningful photography can improve the presence of meaning in life and then reduce the problem behaviors of internalizing and externalizing. One month after the end of the intervention, the two groups were followed up to explore whether the intervention could have an impact. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the pre-test experiment, the intervention significantly improved the presence of meaning in life, and effectively reduce internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. There was no significant change in the control group.

2) One month after the intervention, the experimental group and the control group were followed up. The results showed that the experimental intervention only had an intervention effect on the internalizing problem behavior of the experimental group, but the intervention effect on the presence of meaning in life, and externalizing problem behavior would change with time.

Two studies show that the promotion of college students' presence of meaning in life can reduce the occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. This study explores the relationship between college students' presence of meaning in life, social connectedness, resilience, internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, and expands the related research achievements. At the same time, it discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of using meaningful photography to improve the presence of meaning in life. The occurrence of in internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors provide a basis for the intervention of meaning in life among college students.