中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的:探讨地震灾区遇难者家属的个体韧性及其与社会支持、生活满意度、抑郁、躯体化的关系。方法:5.12地震8个月后,用个体访谈的方法了解灾区民众的家人遇难情况,由此获取166名遇难者家属和180名家庭完好无损的灾区受试,用个体韧性量表、社会支持评定量表、生活满意度量表、症状自评量表对其进行问卷调查。同时,对133名非灾区受试进行个体韧性量表的施测。结果:(1)遇难者家属的个体韧性得分低于家庭完好无损者和非灾区受试[(2.41±0.74)vs.(2.74±0.71),(2.76±0.72);P<0.01],其社会支持、生活满意度得分低于家庭完好无损者[(7.30±2.03)vs.(7.69±2.24),(2.86±1.09)vs.(3.33±1.16);均P<0.01],而抑郁、躯体化得分高于家庭完好无损者[(2.40±0.88)vs.(1.62±0.74),(1.98±0.72)vs.(1.60±0.69);均P<0.01]。(2)路径分析表明,个体韧性较高者的生活满意度也较高(β=0.23,0.21;均P<0.01),而抑郁、躯体化无明显差异(β=-0.04,-0.09;均P>0.05);社会支持较高者的抑郁和躯体化较少(β=-0.18,-0.21;均P<0.01),生活满意度较高(β=0.23,P<0.01)。结论:遇难者家属的个体韧性相对较低,且个体韧性不能与社会支持一起帮助缓解抑郁、躯体化等心理症状,这表明个体韧性在极端创伤条件下的逆境复原作用是有限的,灾区的创伤心理辅导工作尤其要重视受灾群众社会支持系统的重建。

Objective:To explore the individual resilience in survivors with family members lost in Wenchuan earthquake,and its relationship with social support,life satisfaction,depression,and somatization.Methods:Totally 166 survivors with family members lost and 180 survivors without family member lost from earthquake sites were screened out through individual interview.They were assessed with the Individual Resilience Scale(IRS),Social Support Scale,Satisfaction with Life Scale,and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).At the same time,133 participants from normal area were assessed with the Individual Resilience Scale.Results:(1)The scores of IRS in survivors with family members lost were lower than that in survivors without family member lost and participants from normal area[(2.41±0.74)vs.(2.74±0.71),(2.76±0.72);P<0.01].They scored lower in social support and life satisfaction[(7.30±2.03)vs.(7.69±2.24),(2.86±1.09)vs.(3.33±1.16);Ps<0.01],but higher in depression and somatization[(2.40±0.88)vs.(1.62±0.74),(1.98±0.72)vs.(1.60±0.69);Ps<0.01]than survivors without family member lost.(2)Individual resilience was positively correlated with life satisfaction(β=0.23,0.21;Ps<0.01),while showed no significant relation to depression and somatization(β= -0.04,-0.09;Ps>0.05).Social support was negatively correlated with depression and somatization(β=-0.18,-0.21;Ps<0.01),and positively correlated with life satisfaction(β=0.23,P<0.01).Conclusion:The individual resilience in survivors with family members lost is lower than that in survivors without family members lost and participants from normal area,and it cannot help cope with their depression and somatization,which demonstrates the limitation effect of individual resilience in the extreme trauma conditions.It implies the importance of rebuilding of social support system in psychological counseling in disaster area.

中科院心理所知识创新项目(07CX011001) 国家自然科学基金(30770725) 中科院抗震救灾应急研究项目子课题(KKCX1-YW-05) 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重点项目子课题"5.12地震灾民社区心理救援与心理调控模式研究"(2008AA022604)