中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

以172名20－79岁成人为被试对心算加工的年老化过程及其机制进行了研究。任务为连续减法心算，依难度分为5种：1000－1、1000－3、1000－7、1000－13及1000－17。结果表明，年龄与心算难度存在明显的交互作用，且随着年龄增加，不同难度心算效率均以幂函数形式降低。结构方程建模分析发现心算加工年老化过程存在两个中介作用因子，即速度因子和非速度因子，且速度因子对非速度因子存在明显的正效应。

A study on menta arithmetic with increasing of age and its mechanism was accomplished in 172 normal subjects of from 20 to 79 yeare of age. Five mental arithmetic tasks, "1000- 1", "1000-3", "1000-7", "1000- 13" , "1000- 17", were designed with a serial calculation in which the subjects sequentially subtracted the same prime number （1, 3, 7, 13, 17） from another number 1000. The results indicatedthat: （1） There was an obvious interaction between age and mental arithmetic, and mental arithmtic efficiency （the ratio of accuracy to RT） decreased in power funtion with the advancing of age; （2） There were two mediators （latent variables） which were relative to speed component and non-speed component respectively in the aging processof mental arithmetic, and speed component had significant effect on non-speed component.