中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

【目的】探讨早期儿童气质对学龄期儿童行为问题的预测作用,为儿童气质及儿童行为问题的临床咨询与指导提供参考。【方法】孕母满32周进入研究队列,采用Carey儿童气质问卷、家庭环境量表分别在婴儿期、学龄前期、学龄期评价儿童气质及其家庭环境,并使用CBCL儿童行为问题量表对学龄期儿童行为问题进行评价。【结果】1)逐步多元回归分析发现,婴儿期气质"节律性"、学前期气质"反应强度"、母亲年龄、8岁时家庭"父母情绪"、2岁时家庭"父母参与"与学龄期儿童行为问题有显著联系,共同解释56.6%的学龄期儿童行为问题。2)婴儿期阶段,气质"节律性"和"情绪性"、1岁家庭环境"总分"、母亲年龄预测学龄儿童行为问题,可以解释学龄期儿童行为问题的33%;学前期,气质"反应强度"、母亲年龄和3岁时家庭"父母参与"可以预测学龄儿童行为问题,解释学龄期儿童行为问题的34.3%;学龄期时,气质"适应性"、"坚持性"、母亲年龄和家庭"教育材料"与学龄行为问题有密切联系,可解释学龄期儿童行为问题的38.4%。儿童早期气质特点联合家庭环境("父母参与"、"父母情绪"和"教育材料")、母亲年龄以及儿童性别等因素对学龄期儿童行为问题具有较显著的预测作用。【结论】为减少儿童行为问题的发生,应及早对高龄母亲、家庭养育环境不良、具有消极气质特点的男童采取积极干预。

【Objective】To explore the predictive role of early child temperament on the development of child behavior problems in a longitudinal study. 【Methods】139 healthy neonates were chosen as study samples.Child temperament and home environment were assessed in infancy,toddler,preschool and early school years with Carey Child Temperament Questionnaire and Home Scale.In early school years,child behavior problems were also assessed with Achenbach CBCL scale. 【Results】Children behavior problem was significantly related with temperament ＂rhythm＂ in infancy,＂intensity＂ in preschool,mother′s age,＂parent mood＂ in 8-year children family and ＂parent participation＂ in 2-year toddler family,which accounted for totally 56.6% children behavior problem in early school years（P0.05）;2）During infancy,Children behavior problem could be explained by ＂rhythm＂ and ＂mood＂,total score in 1-year-old Home Scale and mother age,which accounted for 33% of children behavior problem development（P0.01）;3）During preschool years,＂Intensity＂,mother age and ＂parent participation＂ in 3-year-old Home Scale were found to predict 34.3% of the children behavior problem development in early school years（P0.01）.Temperament traits in early childhood period,corresponding with home environment factors（such as ＂parent participation＂ and ＂education material＂）,mother age and children sex could predict significantly the children behavior problem development in early school years. 【Conclusions】Children,especially boys,with elder mother age,negative temperament traits and defective home parenting environment in child health care clinic,should be taken early intervention.