健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

后现代心理学在后现代哲学的影响下而兴起。人们对于权力的需求以及对于语言和知识看法的改变，使得咨询师也开始更加关注咨询师和来访者该以怎样的角色、方式进行对话与咨询。而合作取向治疗作为后现代心理咨询中的一个主要流派，强调咨询师和来访者之间平等的合作关系，也重视咨询师与来访者通过对话的方式共同挖掘和生成属于来访者的解决方法。合作取向治疗发展至今，已经在实践中证明了其能产生良好的咨询效果。然而，与合作取向治疗相关的实证研究则近乎空白，或许，缺少与合作对话相关的测量工具是产生这一现状的原因之一。本研究的主要目的便是深入探究心理咨询师的合作对话态度，进而编制一套合作对话态度量表。
本研究的第一部分为质性研究。基于行为事件访谈法，本研究针对10 名合作对话咨询师展开访谈，依据自编的编码手册进行访谈内容的编码，整理获得心理咨询师合作对话态度的主要特质。本次访谈共转录成逐字稿150747 字，有效编码156 条，最终形成了12 项合作对话态度特征。结合对各个特质的理论解读和案例分析，本研究认为这些特质能较为完整地表达心理咨询师的合作对话态度。
基于研究一有关合作对话态度的结论，研究二进行了合作对话态度量表的实际编制及信效度检验工作。通过对研究一访谈材料的多轮筛选和整理，结合合作对话理论，研究者编制了共计36 个条目的初始问卷。通过对157 份有效问卷的项目分析及探索性因素分析，本研究获得了三个维度共计12 个题项的正式版问卷。针对141 份正式版有效问卷的分析，通过内部一致性信度、分半信度、重测信度的信度检验，及内容效度、结构效度、效标关联效度的效度检验，以及社会赞许性检验，本研究证明了该合作对话态度量表在各测量学指标上表现良好。
综上所述，本研究得到了如下结论：
（1）通过对我国合作取向咨询师的访谈，总结获得的合作对话态度主要包含：成为对话伙伴，相信来访者是自己的专家，不知，尊重，咨询师是建立关系的专家，专心倾听与理解等，基于访谈获得的特质与合作对话理论及国外相关研究的结论较为一致。
（2）本研究自编的合作对话态度量表具有3 个维度12 个条目，三个维度分别命名为邀请探询、平等视角和视对方为专家。自编的合作对话态度量表具有良好的信度与效度。可以作为评估心理咨询师合作对话态度的测量工具。
本研究通过质性和量化研究方法，开发量表用以测量心理咨询师的合作对话态度。一方面有助于合作取向治疗相关实证研究的推进，另一方面也可作为咨询师自我评估合作对话态度的工具，并为合作取向心理咨询师的培训、考核和督导提供参照，具有一定的理论与实践意义。

Postmodern psychology emerges under the influence of postmodern philosophy. Theneed for power and the change in perspectives of language and knowledge, makes counselors more concerned about the role of themselves and the way of counseling. Collaborative dialogue therapy, as a major view in postmodern psychological therapies, emphasizes the collaborative relationship between counselors and clients, and attaches importance to the way in which counselors and clients find solutions together via conversations. Collaborative dialogue therapy has proven to be able to produce good counseling results. However, we can hardly find empirical studies related to collaborative dialogue therapy. The lack of measurement tools associated with collaborative dialogue therapy maybe one of the reasons for this situation. The main purpose of this study is to explore the counselors’ collaborative dialogue attitude, and develop a collaborative dialogue attitude inventory.
Study one is a qualitative study. Based on the method of behavior event interview, we conducted interviews with 10 collaborative dialogue counsellors, and coded the contents of interviews based on the coding manual to form the main characteristics of collaborative dialogue attitude. The interviews were recorded in a total of 150747 words, with 156 coding of effective information, and ultimately formatted 12 characteristics of collaborative dialogue attitude. Combined with the theory and case analysis, we suggests that these characteristics can show the concept of collaborative dialogue attitude completely.
Based on the conclusion of study one, we developed a collaborative dialogue attitude inventory and tested its reliability and validity in study two. Through the multi-round screening and collation of the previous interview material, combined with the theory of collaborative dialogue, a total of 36 items were prepared in the initial version of the inventory. Through the item analysis and EFA of 157 valid questionnaires, the final version of the inventory with three dimensions of 12 items was obtained.
The inventory was found to have high reliability and sound initial validity through the analyst of the 141 valid questionnaires of the final version. The reliability tests include internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and retest reliability, and the validity tests include content validity, construct validity and criterion-related validity. And the result showed the inventory did not correlate with social desirability. The tests proved that the self-made collaborative dialogue attitude inventory is performed well by statistical measurement.
In summary, we had the following conclusions:
(1) Through interviews with collaborative dialogue counselors, the characteristics of collaborative dialogue attitude includes: to become a dialogue partner, to believe that the clients are their experts, not-knowing, respect, to believe consultants are experts in building relationships, concentrate on listening and understanding, and so on. The characteristics based on the interviews are consistent with collaborative dialogue theory and foreign research.
(2) The self-made collaborative dialogue attitude inventory had three dimensions of
items. The three dimensions were named to inviting inquiry, equal view and believe clients are their experts. Self-made collaborative dialogue attitude inventory has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a measurement tool for assessing the counselors' collaborative dialogue attitude.
We used qualitative and quantitative research methods in this study, and developed an inventory to measure the psychological counselors’ collaborative dialogue attitude. On the one hand, the inventory can help to promote relevant research of collaborative dialogue therapy, on the other hand, the inventory can be used as a self-assessment of collaborative dialogue attitude for the counselors, and can provide a reference for the training, assessment and supervision of collaborative dialogue therap. We supposed the inventory has a certain theory and practical value.