中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

积极交往和消极交往分别会对老年人的心理健康产生有利和不利影响,然而,探讨消极交往的负面作用及其机制的研究相对较少。目前研究主要涉及消极交往的类型(社会隔离、丧偶或离婚)、来源(配偶、子女或朋友)及强度,并探讨感知评估、自尊的中介作用及性别、婚姻、受教育水平等变量的调节作用。社会情感选择理论、优劣势整合理论、社会交换理论及镜中我理论在一定范围内对消极交往的负面作用做出了合理解释。采取"原谅"或"认知疏远"的应对策略能有效缓解消极交往的负面影响。未来研究应进一步考察不同文化背景及社会网络背景下消极交往对老年人心理健康的影响,同时加强对消极交往的理论研究和线上研究,并关注相关的干预研究。

Positive exchange and negative exchange have positive and negative effects on the mental health of the elderly,respectively.However,there are few studies on the negative effects and mechanisms of negative exchanges.The previous research on negative exchange mainly involves the types(social isolation,widowhood or divorce),sources(spouse,children or friends)and intensity,and discusses the mediating role of appraisal and self-esteem,the moderating role of gender,marriage,education level and other variables.The socioemotional selectivity theory,the theoretical model of strength and vulnerability integration,social exchange theory and the theory of looking-glass self provide reasonable explanations for the negative effects of negative exchange to a certain extent.The coping strategies of"forgiveness"or"cognitive distancing"can effectively alleviate the negative effect of negative exchange.Future research should further investigate the impact of negative exchange on the mental health of the elderly under social networks and different cultural backgrounds,deepen the theoretical research,conduct more online research,and strengthen intervention research.

国家自然科学基金项目(71774157,71273255);; “国家治理体系与治理能力建设”自主部署项目(E0CX083 008)