Social working memory is a memory system that encodes and stores social information. Social work memory training can improve social working memory capability and perspective-taking of adults. However, no research has systematically explored the improvement of social working memory training on adult and children's core social cognitive ability (theory of mind and perspective-taking). Social working memory training can improve problem behavior, but there is no research focus on the causal relationship between social working memory and prosocial behavior. Most of the current studies of training have focused on adults, but the positive effect of training in children appears to be greater. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the following
questions: (1) Can social work memory training enhance the theory of mind and perspective-taking of adults and children? (2) Can social work memory training enhance prosocial behavior and problem behavior? (3) Are there differences in the social work training positive effects of adults and children?
Eighty-six adults aged 18 to 22 years old and 40 children aged 5 to 6 participated in the study. Biological movement points, instrumental body posture, emotional body posture for social working memory training materials, and rectangular square for cognitive working memory training. Only the biological movement was selected as children's social work memory training material. Training a total of four weeks, three times a week, every time 30 minutes. Study 1 explored the impact of social working memory training on social cognitive ability of adults and children. Experiment 1 examined the impact of social working memory training for theory of mind. The results showed that adults and children had improved their working memory after training, and the instrumental body posture group of adults also enhanced cognitive work memory. There was no difference in the improvement effect of working memory between adults and children. In addition, both adults and children had improved the theory of mind after training. The improvement effect of the biological movement group was best. And the improvement of social work memory training on the perceptual components of children's theory of mind was greater than adults. Experiment 2 examined the impact of social working memory training for perspective-taking. The results showed that in addition to the instrumental body posture group, the remaining three groups had improved the adult's perspective-taking, and the improvement effect of the emotional body posture group was better. The children after social working memory training reached a better achievement than that of children's cognitive work memory training
and adult social work memory training. Study 2 explored the impact of social working memory training on social adaptability of adults and children. Experiment 3 examined the impact of social working memory training for prosocial behavior. The results showed that in addition to the biological movement group, the remaining three groups had improved the level of cooperation in adults. The children’s social working memory training group on the promotion of cooperation was better than the cognitive working memory training group. The level of cooperation between adults and children was equivalent. Adults had increased the level of trust after the training of emotional body posture group, and the level of fair of the instrumental body posture group was
increased after training. The training of the biological movement group and the cognitive group reduced prosocial behavioral tendencies, interpersonal responses, and empathy in adults. The trust and fair level of children had improved after training, and the social group training also improved the intimacy level of children and others. The cognitive group training reduced empathy in children. Experiment 4 examined the impact of social working memory training for problem behavior. The results showed that both biological movement group training and cognitive group training reduced the adult's behavior problem, and the biological movement group training reduced their social inhibition and social anxiety level. And social working memory training reduced children's social anxiety and attention to the problem of flexibility.
In general, social work memory training could improve social cognitive ability and social adaptability. And children's training lifting effects were greater than adults. The exploration of the impact of social working memory training on social cognitive ability and social adaptability of adults and children can not only expand the existing research results, but also improve the individual's social cognitive ability and social adaptability, which would help them to better adapt to social life.
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