健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

面子是研究中国人的行为模式、文化观念的关键概念，对中国人心理健康的影响至关重要。在中国社会文化中的面子往往涉及到两个方面的探讨—想挣面子与怕丢面子。然而目前国内外学者往往将面子作为单一一个维度来研究，聚焦于面子意识或丢面子的担忧。本研究在对面子的双重性的作用机制的探讨中发现想要挣面子与害怕丢面子与调节定向理论中促进定向与预防定向的效应是相似的。而想挣面子与怕丢面子和调节定向之间的关系尚未有研究进行探索。基于此，本研究以定量的问卷调查研究与实证研究范式相结合的方式来尝试揭示其中的关系，进而为面子对个体的心理健康的影响机制提供新的解释视角。

研究一通过问卷调查的方法，将面子作为一个整体，调查面子、调节定向与心理健康水平及其相关因素的数据，探讨个体面子观对心理健康的影响以及调节定向在其中的中介机制，研究一的结果发现面子对心理健康的没有直接影响，而是通过促进定向与预防定向的中介作用间接的影响心理健康。并且促进定向和预防定向的中介作用方向相反，对面子和心理健康之间的关系进行了遮掩。

研究二进一步将面子分为想挣面子和怕丢面子两个维度来分别分析调节定向在面子不同维度上的中介作用。研究二的结果发现想挣面子的个体通过更高的促进定向和更高的预防定向共同影响个体的心理健康;而怕丢面子的个体则通过更高的预防定向和更低的促进定向负面影响心理健康。

研究三以人格理论与认知一情感系统理论为理论基础，考虑到个体面子受到情境的影响，我们设置了一个实验来操纵通过回忆启动法启动个体挣面子与丢面子的经历，并对个体的状态性调节定向和情绪情感进行评估。研究三的结果发现，面子启动完全通过促进定向影响个体的积极情绪，且丢面子的事件对想挣面子特质水平高的个体的消极影响比想挣面子特质低的个体更多，在怕丢面子特质水平高的个体上也发现了类似的效应。

本研究通过三个研究对面子具有的双重性及调节定向作为其背后的动机机制进行了系统的研究。丰富了现有的中国人面子的研究，加深了对面子与心理健康之间关系的理解。

Face is a key concept in the study of Chinese behavioral patterns, cultural perceptions and the impact on the psychological well-being of the Chinese people. Face in Chinese society and culture often involves the exploration of two dimensions-earning face and saving face. Yet scholars at home and abroad currently tend to study face as a single dimension, focusing on face consciousness or the concern of losing face. In this study, the mechanism of the duality of face is explored, and it is found that wanting to earn face and fear of losing face are similar to the effects of promotion and prevention focus in Regulatory Focus Theory. The relationship between wanting to earn more face and fear of losing face and regulatory focus has not been explored in the current literature. Based on this, the present study used a combination of quantitative questionnaire approach and an empirical research paradigm to uncover the relationship and provide new explanatory perspectives on the mechanisms of face on individuals' mental health.

The results of Study 1 found that face has no direct influence on mental health, but rather indirectly influences mental health through the mediation of promotion and prevention focus. Study 2 further divided face into two dimensions: the desire to earn face and the fear of losing face, and analyzed the mediating role of regulatory focus on the different dimensions of face. The results of Study 2 found that individuals who wanted to earn face influenced their mental health through a combination of higher promotion focus and higher prevention focus, whereas individuals who feared losing face negatively influenced their mental health through higher prevention and lower promotion focus. Study 3 set up a manipulation experiment to initiate individuals' face-earning and face-losing experiences through a recall priming method, and assessed individuals' state regulatory focus and positive and negative affect. Results from Study 3 found that face initiation affects individuals' positive emotions exclusively through promotion focus, and that the experience of losing face had a greater negative effect on individuals with high levels of earning face trait than on those with low levels, with a similar effect found on individuals with high levels of the fear of losing face trait.

The present study provides a systematic study of the dual nature of face and the competitive mediating effect of regulatory focus as the motivational mechanisms behind it. This study enriches the existing research on the Chinese concept of face and deepens the understanding of its relationship between mental health.