分裂型特质个体与精神分裂症患者奖赏动机及其适应性的纵向与横断研究 | |
其他题名 | Adaptive reward pursuit in individuals with high levels of schizotvby and batients with schizophrenia: evidence from both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies |
潘奕名 | |
导师 | 黄佳 |
2023-06 | |
摘要 | 个体根据外界环境适时权衡努力付出的成本与潜在的奖赏收益,灵活调整自身付出努力的意愿,是奖赏动机适应性的行为表现。在付出一回报比改变时,个体能否及时调整奖赏动机,对个体维持心理健康显得尤为重要。 奖赏动机适应性易受疾病、人格特质、环境应激因素的影响。以往研究主要探讨精神分裂症患者以及分裂型特质个体奖赏动机不足的原因,而对他们能否根据环境中付出一回报比的变化动态调整奖赏动机则鲜有涉及,这是解释患者与亚临床特质群体社会适应能力的一个崭新的切入点。本论文结合纵向与横断面的研究,系统考察了在一年期的时间尺度中,奖赏动机如何受到分裂型特质与付出-回报比的交互作用而发生变化,以及精神分裂症患者群体在实验室情景中能否根据付出一回报比适时调整奖赏动机,这与他们日常生活中社会功能是否存在关联。 研究一采用量表法,评估了普通大学生相隔一年两个时间点的分裂型特质、付出一回报比、期待愉快体验与奖赏动机,通过链式中介模型的构建,我们发现:“分裂型特质”与“愉快体验”这两个变量,部分中介了“付出一回报比”对“一年后奖赏动机”的预测作用。基线时的“付出一回报比”与“阴性”或“紊乱型分裂型特质”水平越高,“一年后奖赏动机”越低;基线时的“期待愉快体验”能力越强,则“一年后奖赏动机”越高。这说明:付出一回报失衡以及期待愉快体验分别是奖赏动机的风险与保护因素。 为了进一步揭示个体奖赏动机随人格特质与环境因素“付出一回报比”而发生的动态调整,研究二重新招募了一批普通大学生被试,在一年期内纵向采集了五个时间点的量表数据,结果发现:上一个时间点的“付出一回报比”和“阴性分裂型特质”可以预测下一个时间点的“奖赏动机”。这提示了付出一回报失衡和阴性分裂型特质是个体奖赏动机动态调整的两个原因。 研究三在相隔一年的两个时间点采集了奖赏动机适应性的行为实验任务,使用聚类分析将被试分为高分裂型特质个体、阴性分裂型特质个体与低分对照组,考察了他们在实验室情景中付出一回报比与奖赏动机的因果关系,结果发现:阴性分裂型特质个体奖赏动机随着付出一回报比改变也表现出一定适应性,并且这种适应性具有时间稳定性。此项研究并未发现阴性分裂型特质个体奖赏动机及其适应性存在缺损。 研究四采用奖赏动机适应性行为实验任务,考察了精神分裂症患者在实验室情景中奖赏动机能否随“付出一回报比”的改变而适应性调整,以及这与其社会功能的关系。结果发现:精神分裂症患者在遭遇了付出一回报失衡的应激条件后,即使“付出一回报比”朝着有利的方向变化,其奖赏动机的水平也无法如健康对照组那样回弹。这与患者的社会功能有一定关联。这有可能是精神分裂症患者社会适应性差的认知机制之一。 综上所述,本论文使用纵向追踪的方法,解释了个体奖赏动机受分裂型特质、期待愉快体验与付出一回报比的多因素影响而发生动态适应性调整;横断面研究显示精神分裂症患者奖赏动机低下,随付出一回报比的适应性调整较弱。这对进一步理解精神分裂症谱系奖赏动机改变的病理机制具有理论意义,同时为奖赏动机的健康模式评估提供了新的思路。 |
其他摘要 | Reward motivation refers to the willingness to exert efforts to pursue potential rewards. Adaptive reward pursuit makes it possible for an individual to flexibly adjust their willingness in time according to the effort-reward computation. When the effort-reward ratio changes, whether an individual can adjust his or her reward motivation in time is particularly important for one to maintain mental health. The adaptability of reward motivation is easily affected by diseases, personality traits and environmental stress factors. Previous studies mainly focus on the possible reasons underlying the insufficient reward motivation of schizophrenic patients and individuals with schizophrenic traits, but little attention has been put on whether they could dynamically adjust their reward motivation according to the changes in the effort-reward ratio in the environment. This is a new direction for researchers to evaluate the reward motivation. It will reveal the possible mechanism underlying the deficits of their social adaptability in patients and subclinical individuals. The current project systematically examined how reward motivation changes with external effort-reward ratio and schizotypal traits by longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. Moreover, we examined whether patients with schizophrenia would adjust their reward motivation according to the effort-reward ratio in laboratory settings and whether there is a relationship between the adaption of reward motivation and the patients' social function. In study 1,effort-reward ratio, schizotypal traits, anticipatory pleasure experience and reward motivation were assessed by scales in college students at two time points in the one-year intervals. The serial mediation model revealed that baseline negative or disorganized schizotypal traits and pleasure experience partially mediated the prediction of baseline effort-reward ratio on the reward motivation one year later. It indicated that the interaction between effort-reward imbalance and schizotypal traits would affect the reward motivation one year later. The anticipatory pleasure experience partially ameliorated the influence of schizotypal traits exerted on the one-year-end-point reward motivation. Negative and disorganized schizotypal traits were the risk and the anticipatory pleasant experience was the protective factor of reward motivation. In order to further reveal the dynamic adjustment of reward motivation, Study 2 collected the scale data of schizotypal traits, effort-reward ratio, anticipatory pleasure experience and reward motivation at five time points (3-month intervals) in a year. The results showed that the effort-reward ratio at the previous time point would predict the negative schizotypal traits at the following time point. The negative schizotypal traits at the previous time point would further predict the reward motivation at the following time point. This suggests that the effort-reward ratio and the negative schizotypal traits would be the causal factors to explain the decline of reward motivation. In study 3, the reward motivation adaptation behavioral task was conducted at two time points in one year. All the participants were clustered into three groups: high schizotypal traits group, negative schizotypal traits group and the low levels of schizotypal traits group. Whether their reward motivation would be changed with effort-reward ratio and whether their reward motivation adaption remained stable during a year was examined in this study .The results indicated that the reward motivation of negative schizophrenic trait individuals remained intact in reward motivation adaptation. Such adaptability remained stable during a year. This suggests that individuals with schizotypal traits, including negative schizotypal traits, remained intact in the reward motivation adaptation. Such reward motivation adaptation is stable. In study 4, the reward motivation adaptation behavioral task was used to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have deficits in reward motivation and whether their adaptability was associated with their social function. The results showed that compared with the healthy controls, the reward motivation in patients with schizophrenia could not be enhanced with the decrease in effort-reward ratio. This is correlated with the patient's social function and the level of reward motivation in life. This result reveals the cognitive mechanism underlying poor social adaptability in patients with schizophrenia. In conclusion, reward motivation could be predicted by the interaction among schizotypal traits, anticipatory pleasure and effort-reward ratio. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia, rather than individuals with schizotypal traits, have deficits in adaptive reward pursuit. These findings are helpful in further understanding the mechanism of how motivation changes with effort-reward ratio in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The current study provides a new point of view to evaluate the reward motivation in a dynamic way. |
关键词 | 分裂型特质 精神分裂症 奖赏动机 纵向研究 付出一回报失衡 |
学位类型 | 硕士 |
语种 | 中文 |
学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
学位专业 | 应用心理 |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
学位授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
文献类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45214 |
专题 | 健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 潘奕名. 分裂型特质个体与精神分裂症患者奖赏动机及其适应性的纵向与横断研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学,2023. |
条目包含的文件 | ||||||
文件名称/大小 | 文献类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
潘奕名-硕士学位论文.pdf(2580KB) | 学位论文 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 请求全文 |
个性服务 |
推荐该条目 |
保存到收藏夹 |
查看访问统计 |
导出为Endnote文件 |
谷歌学术 |
谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
[潘奕名]的文章 |
百度学术 |
百度学术中相似的文章 |
[潘奕名]的文章 |
必应学术 |
必应学术中相似的文章 |
[潘奕名]的文章 |
相关权益政策 |
暂无数据 |
收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。
修改评论