| 其他摘要 | Anxiety is the most prevalent emotional problem among adolescents, affecting up to 10% of children and 20% of adolescents, and social anxiety disorder is the most common of all anxiety disorders. Attention bias modification (ABM) is a potential intervention method for social anxiety, which has the advantages of low professional threshold, low time cost, and wide application range. Early studies have shown that anxiety relief after ABM training may be closely related to the reduction of negative attentional bias, but recent studies have found some inconsistent evidence. Whether from the theoretical perspective of understanding social anxiety and attentional bias, or the perspective of promoting the application of ABM training, it is extremely important to further explore the mechanism of ABM training. In addition, most studies on ABM training are based on the laboratory environment. It is necessary to make it mobile to make full use of the advantages of ABM training.
Based on the above, this paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the mechanism of ABM training in adolescents' social anxiety and its mobile terminalization. The thesis includes two studies: Study 1 recruited 72 adolescents with social anxiety and randomly assigned them to Attention bias modification (ABM) group (N=26), Attention control condition group (ACC) (N= 24) and passive waiting group (PW) (N=22), the first two groups received attention bias modification and attention control training twice a week for four weeks separately. The three groups of subjects were tested before and after training to evaluate the changes in anxiety symptoms, attentional bias, and inhibitory control ability. At the same time, the EEG data were recorded to explore the mechanism of training. It was found that the social anxiety symptoms of the ABM and ACC group were relieved significantly after training, but there was no significant change in attentional bias. In addition, the results from ERP showed that under neutral background, both the ABM group and ACC group showed a significant increase in Nogo-N2 amplitude and a significant decrease in Nogo-P3 amplitude, while under negative background, only the ABM group showed the increased amplitude of Nogo-N2 increased and the decreased amplitude of Nogo-P3, suggesting that both ABM training and ACC training have an impact on the individual's inhibitory control ability.
In study 2, firstly, we optimized the ABM training. Secondly, 80 adolescents with high social anxiety in remote mountainous areas were recruited and randomly assigned to the ABM group, inhibitory control training group ,(IC) and PW group. The ABM group and the IC group received one month (total 21 times) online attention bias modification and inhibitory control training. During the period, the three groups of subjects need to complete the pre-test, post-,test and weassessmentssment to investigate the effect of the mobile terminal attention bias modification. It was found that both the ABM and the IC group showed a reduction in social anxiety symptoms, which was not accompanied by significant changes in attentional bias. In addition, we found that inhibitory control ability was significantly negatively correlated the with severity of social anxiety. The results of the moderation analysis showed that the individual's initial anxiety severity and objective family socioeconomic status would moderate the effect of improving inhibitory control ability on social anxiety.
To sum up, this study found that laboratory-based and smartphone-based attention bias modification can alleviate the anxiety symptoms of adolescents with social anxiety, and the improvement of inhibitory control ability may be the key mechanism for the training to work. Both the nings enable anxious individuals to obtain better cognitive strategies by improving their inhibitory control ability under the interference of negative contexts, rather than changing the degree of negative attentional bias. The exploration of the mechanism of attention bias modification in this study can provide a more solid theoretical basis for future optimization. At the same time, the mobile terminalization of training and the verification of intervention effects provide a reliable way for the wide application of ABM training. |
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