中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

背景　律师是压力最大的行业之一，然而国内关于律师职业压力的研究匮乏。既往研究表明律师职业压力、心理健康状态、自我调节疲劳、健康素养具有相关性，但缺乏对其相互作用机制的研究。目的　探讨职业压力对律师心理健康状态的影响及自我调节疲劳和健康素养的内在作用机制。方法　2022 年 5—6 月采用方便取样法选取 7 家头部中资律所中的 660 位律师为研究对象。调查问卷包括自编人口学问卷、律师职业压力量表、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、自我调节疲劳量表（SRF-S）和全国居民健康素养监测快速评估调查问卷（HLSRAQ）。采用逐步回归法探讨自我调节疲劳在律师职业压力与心理健康状态间的中介作用，使用 Bootstrap 法检验自我调节疲劳的中介效应。采用 PROCESS 3.4 中的模型 5 探讨健康素养在律师职业压力与心理健康状态间的调节中介作用，使用 Bootstrap法检验健康素养的调节中介效应，进一步进行简单斜率检验调节作用，并分析不同健康素养水平下职业压力对律师心理健康状态的影响。结果　回收有效问卷 656 份，问卷有效回收率为 99.39%。律师职业压力、SCL-90、SRF-S、HLSRAQ 得分为（106.9±34.8）、39.0（15.0，84.0）、（39.4±10.0）和（13.9±3.7）分。逐步回归法最终结果显示，律师职业压力正向预测心理健康状态（β=0.36，t=13.40，P<0.01），自我调节疲劳正向预测心理健康状态（β=0.55，t=20.32，P<0.01）；Bootstrap 法结果显示律师职业压力对心理健康状态产生影响的总效应、间接效应和直接效应的95%CI 均不包括 0（P<0.01）。调节中介作用分析表明，律师职业压力与健康素养的乘积项对心理健康状态的预测作用有统计学意义（β=-0.02，t=-2.00，P<0.05），Bootstrap 法结果显示律师职业压力对心理健康状态产生影响的间接效应的 95%CI 均不包括 0（P<0.01）；进一步简单斜率检验结果显示，不同健康素养水平下，律师职业压力对心理健康状态正向预测作用均有统计学意义（P<0.01）；随着健康素养水平的提高，职业压力对心理健康状态的预测作用呈下降趋势（P<0.01）。结论　职业压力通过自我调节疲劳的中介作用对律师心理健康状态产生影响，律师健康素养在其中起调节作用。此路径揭示了职业压力对律师心理健康状态的作用机制，为有关管理部门采取措施降低律师自我调节疲劳，提高律师健康素养，以缓解职业压力对律师心理健康状态造成的负面影响提供参考。

Background Lawyer is one of the most stressful jobs, but lawyers' occupational stress is rather under-researched in China. Previous studies have shown that occupational stress and mental health are related to self-regulatory fatigue and health literacy in lawyers, but there is a lack of research on their interaction mechanism. Objective To explore the association of occupational stress and mental health in lawyers and the internal mechanism of action of self-regulatory fatigue and health literacy between them. Methods A convenience sample of 660 lawyers from 7 leading Chinese law firms were surveyed from May to June 2022 using questionnaires including a self-compiled Demographic Questionnaire, the Lawyers' Occupational Stress Scale, Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)，Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale(SRF-S)and National Residents' Health Literacy Surveillance Rapid Assessment Questionnaire （HLSRAQ)Stepwise regression was used to explore the mediating effect of self-regulatory fatigue between occupational stress and mental health, and bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of self-regulatory fatigue. Model 5 in PROCESS 3.4 was used to explore the moderated mediating effect of health literacy between occupational stress and mental health. Bootstrap method was used to test the moderating mediating effect of health literacy, and further simple slope test was used to test the moderating effect, and the effects of occupational stress on the mental health of lawyers with different health literacy levels were analyzed. Results Six hundred and fifty-six cases (99.39%) who effectively responded to the survey were included for final analysis. The average scores of occupational stress, SCL-90, SRF-S and HLSRAQ were (106.9 ±1 34.8)，39.0(15.0, 84.0)，(39.4 ±10.0) and(13.9 ±3.7)，respectively. Stepwise regression analysis showed that occupational stress could positively predict mental health (β=0.36, t=13.40, P<0.01）Self-regulatory fatigue also had a significant positive predictive effect on mental health (β=0.55，t=20.32, P<0.01). Bootstrap analysis showed that 95%CI of the total effect, indirect effect and direct effect of occupational stress on mental health did not include 0(P<0.01)The moderated mediating effect analysis showed that the product of occupational stress and health literacy had a significant predictive effect on mental health((β=-0.02, t=-2.00, P<0.05)The Bootstrap method showed that the 95%CI of the indirect effect of lawyer occupational stress on mental health did not include 0(P<0.01)Simple Slope test showed that the association between them was found to be statistically significant regardless of being moderated by different levels of health literacy (P<0.01)，and the predictive effect of occupational stress showed a downward trend with the improvement of health literacy level (P<0.01)Conclusion Occupational stress influenced mental health in lawyers medicated by self-regulatory fatigue with health literacy as a moderator. This path reveals the mechanism underlying the association of occupational stress and mental health, and provides a reference for relevant management departments to take measures to reduce self-regulatory fatigue and improve health literacy to alleviate the negative impact of occupational stress on mental health in lawyers.