| 其他摘要 | Teenagers are at a critical stage of psychological development, when their sense of self is evolving from tenderness to maturity. At this turning point, their psychological growth is particularly important, affecting not only the future of individuals, but also the stable development of the whole society. The psychological challenges of this period are undoubtedly one of the current topics that need to be thoroughly explored and paid attention to. Studies have shown that stress is a common psychological phenomenon in teenagers' growth process, which may have a negative impact on their future growth and personality development, while self-efficacy can effectively improve teenagers' ability to cope with stress. With the development of positive psychology, researchers have found that self-esteem and psychological resilience can effectively regulate the level of self-efficacy and alleviate stress perception. Therefore, how to improve teenagers' ability to cope with stress and sound their personality by adjusting the level of individual self-esteem and psychological elasticity, which in turn affects self-efficacy, has become the focus of research.
This study takes teenagers as the research object, focuses on the personal experience and subjective feelings of the interviewed teenagers, and adopts diversified research methods for comprehensive analysis and argumentation. In the study of quantitative research, stress perception was used as a variable, self-efficacy as a response variable, and self-esteem and psychological resilience as moderating variables. The current status of stress perception, self-efficacy, self-esteem and psychological resilience as well as the influence of demographic variables on them and the relationship between stress perception, psychological resilience and self-efficacy were explored. Self-esteem and psychological resilience were expected to play a moderating role as moderating variables between stress perception and self-efficacy. In Study 2, a qualitative study was conducted to select teenagers with high stress perception and low self-efficacy for interviews to clarify the levels of self-efficacy and how stress perception affects the construction of self-efficacy, and to inspire appropriate coping strategies. This study provides theoretical support for further exploring measures to improve teenagers' stress perception and self-efficacy.
For the research tools, the Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and the Resilience Scale of Psychology (RSCA) were selected and distributed to 700 adolescents in junior high school and high school in a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, and a total of 633 valid questionnaire points were received. Study 1 analyzed the data through SPSS software and further analyzed the moderating effect by using PROCESS macro-plugin, and Study 2 extracted and coded the research data by using Nvivo software, and then analyzed the feedback from interview dyads to analyze the data by using the analysis method of interpreting the phenomenon. The results of the analysis are as follows:
First, the stress perception level of teenagers is located in the upper middle of the range of values, and there are significant differences in the influence of the dimensions of place of residence, family structure and family situation on the stress perception of teenagers. Teenagers in urban areas had higher levels of stress perception than those living in rural areas; teenagers in single-parent families had much higher levels of stress perception than those in two-parent and other families; and teenagers in one-child families had higher levels of stress perception than teenagers in families with siblings.
Second, the self-efficacy level of teenagers is moderately high, and there are significant differences in the effects of place of residence, family structure and family situation on teenagers' self-efficacy. Teenagers living in rural areas have higher levels of self-efficacy than those living in urban areas; teenagers in two-parent and other families have higher levels of self-efficacy than those in single-parent families; and teenagers in sibling families have higher levels of self-efficacy than those in one-child families.
Third, the self-esteem level of teenagers is at a normal level, and there are significant differences in the effects of place of residence, family structure, and family situation on teenagers' self-esteem. Teenagers living in urban areas have higher levels of self-esteem than those living in rural areas; teenagers in single-parent families have higher levels of self-esteem than teenagers in two-parent and other families; and teenagers in one-child families have higher levels of self-esteem than teenagers in families with siblings.
Fourth, the level of psychological resilience of teenagers is lower than the expected value, and there are significant differences in the influence of place of residence and family structure on the psychological resilience of teenagers. The level of psychological resilience of teenagers living in rural areas is higher than that of teenagers in urban areas; the level of psychological resilience of teenagers from two-parent and other families is much higher than that of teenagers from single-parent families.
Fifth, there is a significant two-by-two correlation between stress perception, self-efficacy, self-esteem and psychological resilience. Stress perception is negatively correlated with self-efficacy (r= -0.474, p < 0.01); stress perception is positively correlated with self-esteem, with a correlation coefficient of (r= 0.56, p < 0.01); stress perception is negatively correlated with psychological resilience, with a correlation coefficient of (r= -0.501, p < 0.01); self-efficacy was negatively correlated with self-esteem with a correlation coefficient of (r= -0.320, p < 0.01); self-efficacy was positively correlated with psychological resilience with a correlation coefficient of (r= 0.662, p < 0.01); and self-esteem was negatively correlated with psychological resilience with a correlation coefficient of (r= -0.311, p < 0.01).
Sixth, self-esteem plays a moderating role between perceived stress and self-efficacy (t = 5.956, p < 0.001). Psychological resilience also plays a moderating role between perceived stress and self-efficacy (t = 4.128, p < 0.001).
Seventh, respondents' experiences of stress perception leading to low self-efficacy can be categorized into the following themes, i.e., feelings of low self-efficacy include: physical or mental discomfort of various kinds, negative confrontation; stress perception leading to low self-efficacy: self-esteem tendency, psychological resilience orientation; and self-help or resort to other people: self-medication, resorting to other people.
The above findings illustrate the current status of and factors influencing teenagers' stress perception, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and mental resilience, as well as their bivariate correlations, reflecting the moderating roles of self-esteem and mental resilience between stress perception and self-efficacy, and further exploring through interviews the subjective feelings of respondents with frustrated stress perception and self-efficacy, and partially explaining possible individual differences in self-esteem and mental resilience. Overall, this paper clarifies that self-esteem and resilience can play a moderating role between stress perception and self-efficacy through empirical and qualitative research. The findings contribute a new dimension of understanding and analysis for research in the field of teenage mental health, providing a certain theoretical foundation for subsequent research, and further theoretical basis for future exploration of interventions in teenager stress perception and self-efficacy. |
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