中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

以２３２名２０—７９岁成人为被试和５项认知能力（知觉速度、心算效率、工作记忆、短时记忆和推理）测验为指标，应用结构方程建模（ＳＥＭ）方法建立了认知老化模型。该模型揭示出：（１）年龄对速度有显著的负效应；同时教育对速度有显著的正效应；（２）非速度认知能力除了接受由速度因素中介的年龄和教育的作用外，还受教育的直接影响、该结果说明速度是非速度认知能力年龄差异的重要中介因子，以及教育在认知老化过程中起重要作用。

A cognitive aging model was set up by using the method of Structure Eqation Modelling （SEW） in the test indicators of 5 cognitive abilities, such as perceptual speed, mental arithmetic efficiency, working memory, short--term memory and reasoning,and in 232 subjects of 20--79 years of age. The model revealed: （1） Age had anegative effect on speed significantly, and education lab a positive effect on speed significantly; （2） The effects of age and education on the nonspeed cognitive abilities were mediated by speed, and education had an effect on the nonspeed cognitive abilities directly. The results indicated that speed was an important mediator of age--related differences in nonspeed abilities, and education played an important role incognitive aging Process.