中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的 探讨农民工的应对方式、传统人格与贫困归因的关联模型,以更好地理解中国大陆的贫困问题,挖掘出容忍制度不公的因素.方法 采用中国大陆版贫困归因问卷(CMPAQ)、简易应对方式问卷、韧性量表、中国人个性量表(CPAI-2)的内控-外控和节俭-奢侈分量表,对398名男性农民工进行施测,有效被试301名.结果 ①描述统计:农民工被试群体的积极应对方式高于常模[(1.92±0.45)分]、消极应对方式低于常模[(1.46±0.66)分],韧性得分低于常模[(60.98±14.26)分],勤奋(内控)和节俭得分高于常模[(5.53±2.17)分,(7.48±1.77)分];农民工在各贫困归因分量表上的得分从高到低依次为个人能力[(3.72±0.78)分]、社会制度[(3.45±1.03)分]、负担命运[(3.25±0.90)分]、地理环境[(3.07±0.97)分]和个人品质[(3.03±1.04)分].②回归分析:采用积极应对方式的农民工更倾向于做个人能力归因,而采用消极应对方式的农民工更倾向于做负担命运、社会制度和地理环境归因.高韧性的农民工更倾向于对贫困做个人能力归因,高内控的农民工更不倾向于做负担命运归因,节俭对所有贫困归因因子的回归均不显著.除了消极应对方式外,应对方式与其他人格变量对社会制度因子的回归系数均不显著.结论 农民工具有一些积极健康的心理资源,它们促进农民工对贫困现状作了高的个人能力归因,但是却一致存在容忍制度不公的倾向.

Objective To explore the relative model for psychological resources and poverty attributions of migrant workers in adversities in the aim of understanding poverty problems in China Mainland and find out the factors for tolerance in systematic unjustness.Methods China Mainland Poverty Attribution Questionnaire (CMPAQ) ,Simple Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),Resilience Scale (CD-RISC),Locus of Control subscale (I_E) and Thrift subscale (T_E) of CPAI-2 were used upon 398 rural migrant workers,in which 301 were valid.Results ①Deseription statistic: compared with national model,migrant workers score higher in positive coping style subsonic(1.92±0.45),and lower in negative coping style subscale (1.46±0.66),lower in CD-RISC (60.98±14.26) ,higher in I_E subscale (5.53±2.17) and lower in T_E subscale 7.48 + 1.77) ; Scores on the subscales of CMPAQ were separately overburden-fate (3.25±0.90),institution-unjustness (3.45±1.03),personal-competence(3.72±0.78),personal-quality (3.03±1.04),and geographical-environment (3.07±0.97).②Regress analysis:positive coping style can clearly positively predict personal-competence and personalquality attribution,while negative coping style can clearly positively predict all other factors.Resilience(CD-RISC)can clearly positively predict personal-competence attribution.The standard regression coefficient (β) of inner locus of control (I_E) to overburden-fate was negatively significant,while that of thrift (T_E) to all the poverty attribution factors was not significant.All variables other than negative coping style couldn' t clearly predict institution-unjustness attribution.Conclusion The study discovered some positive psychological resources in rural migrant workers.These resources help them attribute poverty to personal competence but stand in tolerance for institutional unjustness.

志谢 感谢刘合炳、刘合平先生为“贫困心理学”项目提供调研的便利,及给予的慷慨支持